观察因果学习和自主探索对学前儿童因果推理的影响  

The Influence of Observations and Independent Exploration on Preschoolers’ Causal Inference

作　　者：陈水平 刘雁伶 邹婷 胡竹菁[2] Chen Shuiping;Liu Yanling;Zou Ting;Hu Zhujing(School of Education,Jiangxi Science&Technology Normal University,Nanchang 330038;School of Psychology,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022)

机构地区：[1]江西科技师范大学教育学院,南昌330038 [2]江西师范大学心理学院,南昌330022

出　　处：《心理学探新》2019年第6期508-513,共6页Psychological Exploration

基　　金：全国教育科学规划教育部重点课题(DHA170341);国家自然科学基金项目(31460252);江西科技师范大学博士科研启动基金(2019BSQD022);江西省社会科学十三五规划课题(19JY24);江西省社会科学十三五规划课题(19JY23)

摘　　要：本研究采取单因素完全随机实验设计,以94名学前末期儿童(66-74月龄)为被试,在控制证据顺序的条件下探究观察因果学习结果和自主探索结果对儿童因果推理的影响,结果发现:(1)在只获得观察学习结果或自主探索结果一种证据条件下,绝大多数儿童依据所获证据推断因果关系;(2)在获得观察学习结果和自主探索结果两种证据条件下,儿童能综合两类证据推断因果关系,其中自主探索结果对儿童因果推理的影响力大于观察学习结果。Preschoolers use both direct observation and independent exporation to learn causal relationships.Can children integrate information from two kinds of sources.In order to explore the interaction between contrasting observations and independent exploration in children’s causal reasoning,This study adopted one-factor completely randomized design.The results showed that:under the condition that only one kind of evidence was obtained,most of the children inferred causality based on the evidence obtained;Under the condition that the two kinds of evidence were obtained,the children could infer causality by integrating information from these sources.But the effect of independent exploration on children’s causal reasoning was greater than that of observations.

关 键 词：学前儿童 因果推理 观察因果学习 自主探索 

分 类 号：B842.5[哲学宗教—基础心理学]