论约翰·杜威的自然主义经验观  

John Dewey’s View of Naturalistic Experience

作　　者：贾媛媛[1] 李士军[1] JIA Yuan-yuan;LI Shi-jun

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学哲学学院

出　　处：《求是学刊》2020年第1期36-43,共8页Seeking Truth

基　　金：黑龙江省哲学社会科学研究规划项目“马克思与杜威实践哲学比较研究”（15ZXB01）;国家社会科学基金项目“感性的历史与当代美学的转向研究”（18BZX141）

摘　　要：约翰·杜威的经验观不同于近代英国经验论的经验观。他不是把经验理解为认识论意义上的感觉经验,而是在人类历史、文化、生活的意义上把经验理解为人类作用于自然的实践力量。在他看来,经验的基础在于人与环境的相互交融和相互作用,经验作为自然的转换力量是人类深入自然、改造自然的方法和结果。在改造自然的过程中,经验由于与经验方法的内在统一性使自身获得了增长和丰富。因而,经验就是人的生活和实践,经验的丰富就是人生活的拓展和深入。在这种经验自然主义的基础上,杜威批判了传统哲学的二元论和理智主义,认为真正的哲学研究必须回归于生活经验,承担起促进经验生长、丰富人生意义的新的使命。John Dewey’s view of experience is different from that of modern British empiricism.He did not take experience as sense experience in epistemology,but as the practical force of human action on nature in the sense of human history,culture,and life.In his opinion,the foundation of experience lies in the mutual blending and interaction between man and the environment,and experience as the transforming force of nature is the method and result of human beings going deep into nature and transforming nature.In the process of transforming nature,experience itself gains growth and enrichment due to its inherent unity with empirical methods.Therefore,experience is people’s life and practice,and rich experience is the expansion and deepen⁃ing of people’s life.On the basis of empirical naturalism,Dewey criticized the dualism and rationalism of tra⁃ditional philosophy.He believed that true philosophical research must return to life experience,and assume the new mission of promoting the growth of experience and enriching the meaning of life.

关 键 词：约翰·杜威 自然 经验 经验自然主义 

分 类 号：B712.51[哲学宗教—外国哲学]