用碰撞打靶实验定量探究动量守恒  

Quantitative exploration of momentum conservation using collision targeting experiment

作　　者：强文华 杨有贞 曾建成[2] 郭爱坤 QIANG Wen-hua;YANG You-zhen;ZENG Jian-cheng;GUO Ai-kun(School of Physics and Electronic Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Basic Physics Experiment Center,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学物理与电子电气工程学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏大学基础物理实验中心,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《物理实验》2020年第1期57-59,共3页Physics Experimentation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金（No.11662015,51768059）;宁夏重点研发项目（No.2016KJHM35）;宁夏高等学校科研资助项目（No.NGY2017044）

摘　　要：使用碰撞打靶实验仪进行完全弹性碰撞实验,先记录主击球与被击球之间的势能差,应用机械能守恒计算其碰撞前速度,然后根据被击球在纸上留下的距离,计算其碰撞后速度,比较两者速度验证动量定律,在实验过程中分析实验误差,并对该实验进行改进,提高其实验精度.Collisional impact tester was used to perform a full elastic collision test.The potential energy difference between the two balls was recorded at first,and the pre-collision speed was calculated by the conservation of mechanical energy.According to the moving distance of the ball being collided,its velocity after collision was calculated.The law of momentum conversion was verified by comparing the velocities of the two balls.The experimental error was analyzed,and the experiment was improved to increase the experimental precision.

关 键 词：动量守恒 完全弹性碰撞 机械能守恒 

分 类 号：G633.7[文化科学—教育学]