佛经音译词“劫”别作“疌”述考——见[k]、精[■]声母颚化的早期例证  

On the transliteration of the Sanskrit term kalpa into jie(劫) and jie(疌) in Chinese Buddhist texts: Early evidence of the palatalization of “见[k]”and “精[ts]” groups’ initials

作　　者：顾满林[1] GU Manlin

机构地区：[1]四川大学中国俗文化研究所

出　　处：《中国语文》2020年第1期112-122,128,共12页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“早期汉译佛经一词多译比较研究”(17BYY062);四川大学中央高校基本科研业务费研究专项(哲学社会科学)项目(编号SKJ201001)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：佛教术语“劫”是东汉以来历代通用的音译外来词,对应梵语kalpa(巴利语kappa)。金藏本《道行般若经》中字或作“疌”,初唐玄应《一切经音义》、五代可洪《新集藏经音义随函录》所述与之一致,可洪引述《川音》作“疌音刼”。佛经“劫”传写作“疌”,跟字形字义无关,表明二字声母在初唐时期的西川方音中存在颚化,同唐五代西北方音“齿头音与牙音的颚化”遥相呼应。Ever since the Eastern Han dynasty,the Sanskrit term kalpa was mainly transliterated by the word jie(劫)in Chinese Buddhist texts.However,in the Jin(金)dynasty s version of the tripi t aka together with Xuanying s Yiqiejing yinyi(一切经音义)of the Tang dynasty and Kehong s Xinji zangjingyinyi suihanlu(新集藏经音义随函录)of the Five Dynasties period,this term is found written as another word jie(疌).This paper suggests that this alternation between jie(劫)and jie(疌)had nothing to do with the forms of the characters which did not present any similarity,nor with the semantics of the two words which were not related.The variation was caused by the phonological similarity shared between the two words under the palatalization of their initials.Such palatalization of the“见[k]”group and“精[ts]”group initials is also attested in the northwestern dialects of the late Tang dynasty and the Five Dynasties period.

关 键 词：佛经 音译 劫 疌 颚化 

分 类 号：H113[语言文字—汉语]