语素因素对日语母语者汉语词汇习得影响研究——以日语单音节动词形容词为例  

An Experimental Research on the Morphemic Effects on Chinese Vocabulary Acquisition by Japanese Language Learners

作　　者：李冰[1] 古川裕[2] LI Bing;FURUKAWA Yutaka(South China University of Technology,Guangzhou Guangdong;Osaka University,Osaka Japan)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学国际教育学院,广州510006 [2]大阪大学言语文化研究科,日本大阪5628558

出　　处：《汉语学习》2020年第1期84-92,共9页Chinese Language Learning

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费重点项目“汉语作为第二语言的词汇习得实证研究”(项目编号：C2191320)资助

摘　　要：本文通过一项实证研究,考察中高级日语母语者日语动词、形容词中的单音节语素对汉语词汇习得的影响。实验以日本大学汉语专业中高级日语母语者为被试,采用翻译法,让被试写出日语词组中单音节目标词相应的汉语。实验结果表明:(1)日语语素有提示、无提示两类型词整体习得效果均不理想,但有提示词习得情况优于无提示词;(2)动词、形容词的词性差异对两类型词习得影响不显著;(3)随着日语母语者汉语水平的提高,两类型词习得成绩并未有显著提升,出现了一定程度的僵化现象。鉴于此,我们认为,对于语素有提示单音节词,日语母语者主要以日语字形字义作为理解和认知策略,要强调汉日差异,此外,汉语中含有共同语素词语的辨析对日本学习者来说也尤为重要。对语素无提示词的教学,应重点帮助他们尽快建立新的汉日形义联系,提高习得效率。In this paper,an empirical study is carried out to examine intermediate and advanced Japanese Chinese-learners’acquisition of Chinese vocabularies corresponding to Japanese single-character verbs and adjectives.In the experiment,Japanese college students who major in Chinese were taken as subjects,and were asked to translate some Japanese monosyllable verbs and monosyllable adjectives into Chinese.The results show that:(1)In general,the Japanese singlecharacter verbs and adjectives which have related meaning with corresponding Chinese words are acquired better than those which have no related meaning with corresponding Chinese ones,though both kinds are not well acquired;(2)There is no significant difference between the effects of acquisition caused by verbs and adjectives;(3)The acquisition level of two types of words did not improve significantly with the improvement of learners’level,on the contrary a certain degree of fossilization was observed.This study inspired us to emphasize the differences between Chinese and Japanese words.When teaching Chinese words which have similar Japanese single-characters,the teachers need to help the learners to establish a new relationship between the form of Japanese and its Chinese meaning.

关 键 词：语素 单音节 日语母语者 习得 

分 类 号：H195.1[语言文字—汉语]