欧盟转基因食品审慎监管经验及对我国的启示  

The European Union’s Experience in Prudential Supervision over Genetically Modified Foods and Its Enlightenment for China

作　　者：刘婷 LIU Ting(School of Transnational Law,Shanghai University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201701,China)

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院国际法学院,上海201701

出　　处：《食品科学》2020年第5期282-289,共8页Food Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA147);中国-上海合作组织国际司法交流合作培训基地研究基金项目(18SHJD037);上海政法学院高原学科资助项目(A-06-18-005-00)。

摘　　要：为避免转基因作物"偶然混杂"带来的经济损失,向消费者提供充分知情选择,欧盟委员会实施了"共存准则"。基于"共存准则",欧盟对于转基因食品的监管从"食品"这一最终产品到供应链的顶端--转基因作物也被纳入监管范围内。欧盟对转基因食品实施审慎监管,从法律原则到监管模式,从立法架构到执法主体,欧盟的审慎监管为控制转基因食品的风险提供了新的路径。欧盟对于转基因食品风险的严格管控为我国转基因食品监管与创新提供良好借鉴。目前,我国对转基因食品的监管尚在摸索中,处于"法制化监管"向"法治化监管"转型的阶段。"法治化监管"的法律基础更加完善,监管方式更具有灵活性,监管行为能够充分发挥能动性。因此,我国转基因食品的监管需要进一步明确监管原则,完善监管架构与监管模式。转基因食品监管必须真正做到依法行政、执法必严、违法必究,才能达到监管的根本目的。In order to avoid economic losses caused by the accidental admixture of genetically modified(GM) crops and to empower consumers to make fully informed choices, the European Commission has implemented the coexistence guidelines, under which, GM crops, at the top of the food supply chain, will also be regulated. The EU has implemented prudential supervision over GM foods from legal principles to regulatory models and from legislative frameworks to law enforcement entities, which provides a new path for risk management of GM foods. The regulation of GM foods in China and innovations in this field can draw on the EU experience in imposing strict control on the risks of GM foods. At present, GM food regulation in China is still at an exploratory stage, which is in transition from rule by law to rule of law. GM food regulation under the rule of law is in a more flexible manner, and the legal basis for it is more perfect. The regulatory authority’s initiative can be brought into full play under the rule of law. Hence, the principles of GM food regulation in the country should be further specified, and the regulatory framework and model should be improved. Ensuring administration according to law, strict law enforcement and strict punishment on violations are essential to achieve the goal of GM food regulation.

关 键 词：转基因食品 审慎监管 共存准则 信息范式 比例原则 

分 类 号：TS201.6[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]