新时代我国基础教育改革的难点与对策  

Difficulties of Basic Education Reform in the New Era and Corresponding Measures

作　　者：杨小微[1,2] 张秋霞 YANG Xiao-wei;ZHANG Qiu-xia(The Institute of Schooling Reform and Development,East China Normal University;The Institute of Schooling Reform and Development,Department of Education,Shanghai 200062)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学基础教育改革与发展研究所,上海200062 [2]华东师范大学教育学系,上海200062

出　　处：《新疆师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第3期79-90,F0002,共13页Journal of Xinjiang Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十三五”规划2017年度教育学重大招标课题“我国教育2030年发展目标及推进战略研究”(VGA170001)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：新中国成立70年来,基础教育的改革与发展先后经历了从新民主主义教育到社会主义教育、从效率优先的重点发展到公平导向的均衡发展、从外延式均衡发展转向内涵式优质均衡发展的重大转变。进入新时代,深化基础教育改革与发展面临的主要难题表现为如下五个方面的矛盾:教育公平诉求与基础教育发展不平衡的矛盾,优质教育诉求与基础教育发展不充分的矛盾,素质教育诉求与应试压力负担屡禁不止的矛盾,学校自主创新、特色发展诉求与政校关系不顺的矛盾,基础教育现代化的远大目标与地方和学校改革发展动力不足的矛盾。针对这些难点问题的基本对策有:以共建共享解决发展的不平衡,以开放创新、特色发展解决发展的不充分,以课程、教学、评价的一体化深度研究与实践发展素质教育,以治理现代化理念理顺政校关系并推动学校内部治理,以简政放权、鼓励创新激发地方和学校改革与发展的内动力。Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China 70 years ago,the reform and development of basic education has experienced major changes:from new democratic education to socialist education,from the priority of efficiency to the balanced development of equity orientation,from the balanced development of extension to the balanced and high quality development of connotation.In the new era,the major problems in deepening the basic education reform and development are as follows:the contradiction between the demands of education equity and unbalanced development of basic education,the contradiction between the demands of high quality education and the inadequate development of basic education,the contradiction between the demands of quality education and the pressure of testing,the contradiction between the demands of school independent innovation,characteristic development and the poor government-school relationship,and the contradiction between the long-term goal of basic education modernization and the lack of motive force of the reform and development of local and school.The basic measures for these difficult problems are as follows:to solve the unbalanced development of basic education with co-construction and sharing,to solve the inadequate development of education with open innovation and characteristic development,to develop quality education with the integrated research and practice in curriculum design,teaching and evaluation,to improve the relationship between the government and school and promote the internal governance of the school,and to stimulate the internal force for school reform by simplifying the administration and delegating power and encouraging innovation.

关 键 词：新时代 基础教育改革 难点 对策 

分 类 号：G639.2[文化科学—教育学]