高等教育机会获得的性别不平等及其变化(1982-2015)  

Gender Inequality of the Access to Higher Education and the Changes from 1982to 2015

作　　者：王伟宜[1] 桂庆平[2] WANG Wei-yi;GUI Qing-ping(College of Education,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou,Fujian,350117;Research Center for Higher Education,National Institute Of Education Sciences,Beijing,100088)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学教育学部,福建福州350117 [2]中国教育科学研究院高等教育研究所,北京100088

出　　处：《清华大学教育研究》2020年第1期78-86,共9页Tsinghua Journal of Education

基　　金：国家社科基金“十二五”规划教育学一般课题“高等教育入学机会性别差异的变化研究”(BIA150106)。

摘　　要：实证研究结果显示,近三十多年来,在男女生参与高等教育的机会均在不断增加的情况下,高等教育领域逐渐呈现出“男少女多”现象;除重点高校外,女生在普通本科及专科院校中的优势越来越凸显;学科分布中“男工女文艺”现象一直存在且日益明显;选择基础学科的男女生人数趋于减少,而选择热门的应用学科的人数却增长较快。为了促进两性自由充分的发展,应在基础教育阶段推行性别敏感教育;进一步提高教师的工资待遇以吸引优秀的男生立志从教;通过倾斜政策与激励措施,引导更多的优秀学生报考基础学科,同时要在高中开展职业生涯规划,帮助学生在填报志愿时做出更加科学的选择。The empirical research shows that over the past thirty years,with the increasing opportunities for male and female students to participate in higher education,the phenomenon of“female students over-numbering male students”is gradually presented in the field of higher education.Except in elite universities,the advantages of female students in ordinary universities and two/three-year colleges becomes more and more prominent.There exists an increasingly obvious phenomenon of“males dominate in engineering majors and females dominate in literature and arts majors”.The number of both male and female students choosing basic majors is decreasing,while the number of those choosing popular applied majors increases rapidly.In the future,in order to promote free and full development of both males and females,gender-sensitive education should be carried out at the stage of basic education.Teachers’salary should be further increased to attract excellent males to pursue teaching.Furthermore,we should guide more excellent students to apply for basic majors through preferential policies,and carry out career planning guidance in high school to help students make more rational choices when applying for the college.

关 键 词：高等教育 性别差异 性别平等指数 

分 类 号：G40-052[文化科学—教育学原理]