现代汉语双音节多义词和同形同音词的分合  

The Division and Combination of Disyllabic Polysemous Words and Homonyms in Modern Chinese

作　　者：孙银新[1] Sun Yinxin(School of Chinese Language and literature,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学文学院,北京100875

出　　处：《江苏师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第1期26-42,共17页Journal of Jiangsu Normal University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“现代汉语常用词的构成理据研究”(项目编号:13BYY123)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：目前学界划分现代汉语多义词和同音词常用的标准“语义是否有联系”这一原则存在着很大的模糊性,不便操作,有必要细化。在对多义词和同音词重新界定的基础上,以《现代汉语词典》中收录的双音节词为例,阐述了多义词和同形同音词区分中的得失,并就归置失当的双音节词从多个角度分析原因,重新归类。同音词就是语音形式完全相同的一组词。所谓“语音形式完全相同”包括声母、韵母、声调、调值、轻声、儿化、变调和轻重音格式等语音要素上的完全相同。多义词就是在同一个词形之下同时兼有两个或两个以上的词义,并且在词汇意义上存在明晰的语义联系或者共同的语义特征的词。《现代汉语词典》中存在的形似多义词实为同形同音词的情形主要有六类:1.同名异实;2.一个词素意义相同,另一个词素意义不同,词义完全不同;3.词义不同,也不在同一个共时层面上;4.词义源自不同的行业领域;5.词义分别源自共同语和方言,属于两个系统;6.词义分别源自汉语的不同语体。结合现代汉语词义所由形成的理据,综合考察词的来源、构成词义的词素义、词的内部结构关系、词的不同义项各自形成或者演变的历时途径等多种因素,可以具体呈现词的不同义项语义关系上的疏密,更有助于判断多义词,划分出同音词。这对现代汉语词汇教学和研究,对于辞书编纂及修订都具有理论意义和参考价值。This paper discusses the distinction and combination of disyllabic polysemous words and homonyms in modern Chinese,and points out that there is a great ambiguity in the principle of“whether the semantics are related”,which is the common standard for the classification of modern Chinese polysemous words and homonyms in the academic circle.First of all,the article redefines polysemous and homonyms.Then,taking the disyllabic words included in the modern Chinese dictionary as an example,this paper expounds the pros and cons in the differentiation of polysemous words and disyllabic.Finally,the dislocated disyllabic words are analyzed from multiple perspectives and reclassified.According to the article,disyllabic are a group of words with the same phonetic form.The so-called“phonetic form is exactly the same”includes the initial,final,tone,tone value,soft tone,erhua,tone change,and the phonetic elements such as the heavy tone format are exactly the same.Polysemous words are words that have two or more meanings under the same form and have clear semantic connections or common semantic features in lexical meaning.In modern Chinese dictionary,there are mainly six kinds of similar words that are actually homonyms:1.The same word refers to different things.2.One morpheme has the same meaning,while the other morpheme has a different meaning.3.Different meanings of words are not on the same synchronic level;4.Word meanings come from different industries;5.Word meanings are derived from common language and dialect,which belong to two systems;The meanings of words come from different styles of Chinese.Research shows that:in the modern Chinese word meaning by the formation of the reasons,comprehensive inspection of the source of the word,constitute the morpheme meaning,the relationship between the internal structure of the word,each of the different meanings of words formation or evolution of the way a variety of factors,such as word can be embodied on the different meanings of semantic relations of density,etc.more help

关 键 词：双音节 多义词 同形同音词 词义 词素义 

分 类 号：H13[语言文字—汉语]