海洋文化遗产:是边疆还是中心  

Marine cultural heritage:frontier or centre?

作　　者：杰西卡·雷曼 张大川(译) Jessica Lehman

机构地区：[1]英国杜伦大学 [2]不详

出　　处：《国际社会科学杂志（中文版）》2020年第1期97-108,7,11,12,共15页International Social Science Journal（Chinese Edition）

摘　　要：海洋文化遗产是在社会各界中新兴的国际间关注的领域。本文借鉴有关海洋文化遗产、海洋考古学、联合国教科文组织2001年《保护水下文化遗产公约》以及更广泛的海洋政治学的一系列不同文献,考察了人们如何可以不仅从空间领土方面,而且从为知识、治理和政治服务的角度,将海洋文化遗产理解为一种边疆。照此思路,海洋文化遗产可以使海洋考古学的学科实践与后殖民研究、底层研究和黑人学术研究的更激进的海洋政治联系在一起。本文就此指出海洋文化遗产对于不同社群构成的利害因素,其影响远不止于遗址和物件本身。进而,本文说明海洋文化遗产何以逐渐成为当前人们关注的一个紧迫而多变的问题。不过,海洋文化遗产到底是否确实是一种边疆?这个问题,因提问的观点或视角不同而具有不同的意义。观点、视角不同,正说明海洋空间的含义是多变的,说明了为谋取物质资源和非物质海洋资源的斗争状况,同时也表明边疆本身就是一个存在争议的概念。Marine cultural heritage is an area of emerging international interest among different sectors of society.Drawing together a diverse set of literatures on marine cultural heritage,maritime archaeology,the development of the 2001 UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage,and ocean politics more broadly,this paper examines the ways in which marine cultural heritage might be understood as a frontier in terms not only of spatial territory,but also for knowledge,governance,and politics.As such,marine cultural heritage may bring the disciplinary practices of maritime archaeology into contact with more radical marine politics of postcolonial,subaltern,and Black scholarship.This analysis thus suggests stakes of marine cultural heritage for different communities,reaching far beyond the sites and objects themselves,and shows why marine cultural heritage is emerging as an urgent and dynamic concern at the present moment.Yet ultimately,whether or not marine cultural heritage is truly a frontier is a question that has different meanings depending on the perspective from which it is asked.These differing perspectives illuminate the changing meaning of ocean space as well as struggles over material and immaterial marine resources,and suggest that the frontier is itself a contested concept.

关 键 词：海洋文化遗产 海洋空间 海洋资源 联合国教科文组织 底层研究 后殖民研究 《保护水下文化遗产公约》 学科实践 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]