不同脱臭工艺和条件对菜籽油综合品质的影响  

Effect of Deodorization Process and Conditions on the Integrated Quality of Rapeseed Oil

作　　者：刘春梅 刘玉兰[1] 黄会娜 刘昌树 Liu Chunmei;Liu Yulan;Huang Huina;Liu Changsu(College of Food Science and Technology,Henan University of Technology,Zhengzhou 450001;Standard Investment(China)Co.,Ltd.,Taicang 215400)

机构地区：[1]河南工业大学粮油食品学院,郑州450001 [2]佳格投资(中国)有限公司,太仓215400

出　　处：《中国粮油学报》2020年第4期46-53,共8页Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0401405)。

摘　　要：为研究脱臭工艺和脱臭条件对菜籽油综合品质的影响,对菜籽油分别进行不同温度(210、230、250、270℃)、不同时间(60、80、100、120 min)的常规脱臭及双温脱臭(低温阶段190℃,50 min,高温阶段230、240、250、260、270℃,30 min),检测脱臭前后菜籽油中多环芳烃(PAHs)、3-氯丙醇酯(3-MCPD酯)、缩水甘油酯(GEs)、维生素E、植物甾醇、反式脂肪酸含量,分析研究不同脱臭工艺和脱臭条件对菜籽油综合品质的影响。结果表明:在常规脱臭工艺中,随脱臭温度升高和脱臭时间延长,PAHs脱除率提高,苯并芘(BaP)脱除率10.04%~45.08%;在适度脱臭条件下(230℃、60~120min),3-MCPD酯含量升幅均在0.3 mg/kg之内(从0.5升高至0.73 mg/kg),GEs含量升幅均在0.9 mg/kg之内(从1.19升高至2.04 mg/kg);230℃/60 min维生素E损失率为13.09%,230℃/120 min甾醇损失率15.86%,反式脂肪酸含量升高0.51%。采用190℃/50 min+260℃/30 min的双温脱臭工艺,BaP脱除率为36%;190℃/50 min+230℃/30 min双温脱臭后,3-MCPD酯和GEs含量分别为0.74、0.87 mg/kg,维生素E和甾醇损失率分别为7.20%、3.47%,未有反式酸生成。与单温脱臭工艺相比,双温脱臭对提升菜籽油综合品质有明显优势。In order to study the effect of deodorizationprocess and conditions on the integrated quality of rapeseed oil,we carried out conventional deodorization of rapeseed oil at different temperatures(210、230、250、270℃),different times(60、80、100、120 min)and dual temperature deodorization(low temperature stage 190℃,50 min;high temperature stage 230,240,250,260 and 270℃,30 min)to detect the contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),3-chloro-1,2-propanediol fatty acid esters(3-MCPD esters),glycidyl esters(GEs),vitamin E,sterol and trans-fatty acids,so as to study the effects of different deodorization processes and conditions on the integrated quality of rapeseed oil.The results showed that with the deodorization temperature increasing and deodorization time prolonging in conventional deodorization,the removal rate of PAHs increased,and the removal rate of BaP was 10.04%~45.08%.Under the appropriate deodorization conditions(230℃,60~120 min),the increase of 3-MCPD ester content was within 0.3 mg/kg(from 0.5 to 0.73 mg/kg)and that of GEs content was within 0.9 mg/kg(from 1.19 to 2.04 mg/kg).The loss rate of vitamin E was 13.09%at the conditions of 230℃,60 min.The loss rate of sterol was 15.86%,and the content of trans fatty acid increased by 0.51%at the conditions of 230℃,20 min.By using dual temperature deodorization process(190℃/50 min+260℃/30 min),the removal rate of BaP was 36%.After dual temperature deodorization(190℃/50 min+230℃/30 min),the content of 3-MCPD ester and GEs were 0.74 and 0.87 mg/kg,respectively.The loss rates of vitamin E and sterol were 7.20%and 3.47%,respectively.No trans-fatty acid formed.Compared with single temperature deodorization process,double temperature deodorization had obvious effect on improving the integrated quality of rapeseed oil.

关 键 词：菜籽油 油脂脱臭 双温脱臭 多环芳烃 3-氯丙醇酯 缩水甘油酯 维生素E 植物甾醇 

分 类 号：TS224.6[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]