红耳龟蛋和中华花龟蛋营养成分分析  

Nutritional components in eggs of red-eared slider and Chinese flower turtle

作　　者：张君[1] 陆剑锋[2] 欧阳霞 乔丹 刘甜甜 胡庆涛 桂源 苏时萍[1] 万全[1] ZHANG Jun;LU Jian-feng;OUYANG Xia;QIAO Dan;LIU Tian-tian;HU Qing-tao;GUI Yuan;SU Shi-ping;WAN Quan(College of Animal Science and Technology,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China;College of Biological and Food Engineering,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230009,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学动物科技学院,合肥230036 [2]合肥工业大学生物与食品工程学院,合肥230009

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2020年第4期905-913,共9页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(31802273);安徽省科技重大专项(18030701173);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201610364007);安徽省水产产业体系项目(皖农科〔2016〕84号)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究龟蛋的营养价值,为其开发利用提供科学依据。【方法】以同一产蛋时间(3~5 d)的红耳龟蛋和中华花龟蛋各200枚为试验材料,分别分离蛋清和蛋黄,搅拌均匀,取样检测2种龟蛋的基本营养成分、胆固醇含量、氨基酸组成及脂肪酸含量与组成。【结果】红耳龟蛋和中华花龟蛋的径长分别为3.08和3.81 cm,径宽分别为2.30和2.37 cm,蛋重分别为10.73和10.26 g/枚,差异均不显著(P>0.05,下同)。红耳龟蛋和中华花龟蛋蛋清水分含量分别为96.69%和97.42%,灰分含量分别为0.36%和0.49%,粗蛋白含量分别为1.98%和1.59%,粗脂肪含量分别为0.85%和0.54%,差异均不显著;蛋黄水分含量分别为56.27%和55.16%,灰分含量分别为2.45%和3.08%,粗蛋白含量分别为25.89%和26.62%,粗脂肪含量分别为15.70%和13.99%,其中灰分和粗脂肪含量差异显著(P<0.05,下同)。2种龟蛋的蛋清和蛋黄均检测出17种水解氨基酸,其中谷氨酸含量最高。红耳龟蛋和中华花龟蛋蛋清中氨基酸总量分别为42.27和42.64 g/100 g,必需氨基酸总量分别为14.95和14.92 g/100 g,呈味氨基酸总量分别为16.16和16.27 g/100 g,差异均不显著;蛋黄中氨基酸总量分别为47.46和50.76 g/100 g,必需氨基酸总量分别为16.85和17.90 g/100 g,呈味氨基酸总量分别为17.98和19.02 g/100 g,其中氨基酸总量差异显著。红耳龟蛋蛋黄和蛋清及中华花龟蛋蛋黄的第一限制氨基酸均为蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸,中华花龟蛋蛋清的第一限制氨基酸为缬氨酸。2种龟蛋蛋黄中均检测出饱和脂肪酸8种,不饱和脂肪酸11种,红耳龟蛋和中华花龟蛋蛋黄中饱和脂肪酸含量分别为38.65%和35.46%,不饱和脂肪酸含量分别为58.19%和60.63%,差异均不显著。其中,饱和脂肪酸均以十五烷酸含量最高,硬脂酸次之;不饱和脂肪酸均以十七碳烯酸甲酯含量最高,银杏酸次之。2种龟蛋蛋黄胆固醇含量分别为9.83和11.14 mg/g,差异不显著。【结论】红【Objective】In order to explore the nutritional value of turtle eggs,provide scientific data for the development and utilization of turtle eggs.【Method】Each 200 eggs of red-eared slider and Chinese flower turtle which laid at the same time(3-5 d)were used as experimental materials.Then,the egg white and yolk were separated and stirred evenly.The basic nutritional components,cholesterol content,amino acid composition and fatty acid of the two species turtle eggs were determined.【Result】The diameter length of red-eared slider and Chinese flower turtle eggs were 3.08 and 3.81 cm,respectively,the diameter width of two turtle species were 2.30 and 2.37 cm,and egg weights were 10.73 and 10.26 g/egg respectively.The differences were all not significant(P>0.05,the same below).The moisture contents in egg white of red-eared slider and Chinese flower turtle were 96.69%and 97.42%,the ash contents were 0.36%and 0.49%,the crude protein contents were 1.98%and 1.59%and the crude fat contents were 0.85%and 0.54%,respectively,and the differences were not significant.In addition,the moisture contents in egg yolk of red-eared slider and Chinese flower turtle were 56.27%and 55.16%,ash contents were 2.45%and 3.08%,crude protein contents were 25.89%and 26.62%,crude fat contents were 15.70%and 13.99%respectively.The difference in ash content and crude fat content were significant(P<0.05,the same below).Seventeen kinds of hydrolyzed amino acids were detected in egg white and egg yolk of two species turtles,among which the content of glutamic acid was the highest.The total amino acids in egg white of red-eared slider and Chinese flower turtle were 42.27 and 42.64 g/100 g,respectively,with no significant difference.The total amount of essential amino acids were 14.95 and 14.92 g/100 g,respectively,with no significant difference.The total amount of flavor amino acids were 16.16 and 16.27 g/100 g,and there was no significant difference.The total amino acids in egg yolks were 47.46 and 50.76 g/100 g,respectively,and the difference

关 键 词：红耳龟 中华花龟 龟蛋 营养价值 氨基酸 脂肪酸 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学] TS253.1[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]