美国学前教育早期干预项目的基本要素与项目影响的比较研究--基于佩里计划、初学者项目和芝加哥亲子中心项目  

Study on Basic Factors,Influence and Benefit of Early Childhood Intervention Program in America--Comparison of the Abecedarian,Perry Preschool,andChicago Child–Parent Center Preschool Program

作　　者：武欣[1] WU Xin(Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100875

出　　处：《外国教育研究》2020年第4期39-55,共17页Studies in Foreign Education

基　　金：2018年度国家社科基金重大项目“我国普惠性学前教育公共服务体系建设的路径和机制研究”(项目批准号:18ZDA337)。

摘　　要：20世纪60年代、70年代和80年代先后发起的佩里计划、初学者项目和芝加哥亲子中心项目将理论研究与实践探索紧密结合,证明了有质量的学前教育干预在教育、经济、健康、减少犯罪等方面具有诸多的社会、经济效益,尤其是对处境不利家庭幼儿具有更为突出的效果与效益。不可否认的是,虽然学前教育发展对儿童早期智力与学业成就的影响逐年减弱,但是幼儿社会技能与学习品质的提升产生了更加长远的效益与可持续性影响。其中,学前教育干预项目的持续时长、质量要素及科学的衡量标准是确保学前教育有效的重要因素。虽然既有研究基本呈现了学前教育干预项目影响与收益的全貌,但由于学前教育影响的不确定,学前教育项目干预效果的对比性、可复制性、可推广性仍有待进一步循证论证。The Perry Preschool Program(PPP),the Carolina Abecedarian Program(ABC)and the Chicago Child–Parent Center Preschool Program(CARE)were launched in the 1960 s,1970 s,and 1980 s. These projects closely combined theoretical research with practical exploration,and have proved that quality preschool education have many social and economic benefits in education,economy,health,and crime reduction,especially have more prominent positive impact on disadvantaged children. But it is undeniable that although the impact of preschool education development on early childhood intelligence and academic achievement has been fade year by year,the improvement of children’s social skills and learning quality has produced longer-term benefits and sustainability impacts.Thus,the duration of the preschool education intervention program,quality factors and scientific measurement standards are important factors in ensuring the effectiveness of preschool education. In general,the existing research basically presents the full picture of the influence and benefits of the preschool education intervention project. However,due to the uncertainty of the impact of preschool education,the contrast,reproducibility and expandability of the intervention effects of preschool education projects still need further evidencebased research.

关 键 词：学前教育 影响机制 成本收益 美国 

分 类 号：G619[文化科学—学前教育学] G712[文化科学—教育学]