从宗教危机到道德危机——论艾丽斯·默多克《天使的时光》的“空虚”主题  

The Transition from Religion Crisis to Moral Crisis:On the Theme of“Void”in The Time of the Angels

作　　者：岳剑锋 何伟文[1] YUE Jianfeng;HE Weiwen

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学外国语学院,上海200240

出　　处：《广东外语外贸大学学报》2020年第2期28-37,157,共11页Journal of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“艾丽斯·默多克小说研究”(04CWW005);2017年度国家留学基金委建设高水平大学联合培养博士项目(201706230160)。

摘　　要：“空虚”意指一种缺场的状态,不仅在现代文学和哲学中广泛存在,也是现代性的重要构成元素。艾丽斯·默多克在《天使的时光》中通过宗教危机反观西方社会的道德危机,构建了“空虚”这一主题。小说一方面以基督教的没落警示极度放纵的自由主义道德观的危险性;另一方面以佛教的启示展现了作家以东方智慧化解西方精神危机的愿景。默多克在赋予小说“空虚”感的同时,更是对时代内涵的揭示,在二十世纪六十年代宗教空位期、伦理转向期与社会更迭期的复杂现实下,西方社会的空虚感显露无遗。通过对“空虚”的构建和化解,作家兼道德哲学家默多克展示了人性的复杂性以及道德之于其的必要性。“Void”is a state of absence that not only lingers in modern literature and philosophy,but also functions as an essential component of modernity.In The Time of the Angels,Iris Murdoch observes western moral anxiety through religious crisis,and based on which she constructs her notion of“void”within the fiction.On the one hand,Murdoch warns of the danger of liberal moral with an analysis of waning Christianity;on the other hand,Murdoch also reveals her wish of resolving western spiritual dilemma with Eastern wisdom.The theme“void”is a revelation of zeitgeist.Against the complicated background of the 1960s,a period of religious absence,ethnical turn and social transition,the exposure to“void”is self-evident,especially confronting the dual crisis of religious failure and moral degradation.Through construction and deconstruction of“void”in the novel,Murdoch demonstrates the complexity of humanity and the necessity of moral life.

关 键 词：艾丽斯·默多克 《天使的时光》 “空虚” 宗教危机 道德焦虑 

分 类 号：I03[文学—文学理论]