认知“启动”与意象“啮合”:句子语义匹配的认知研究  

Cognitive Priming and Imagery Meshing: A Cognitive Study of Sentence Meaning Match

作　　者：高文成 张丽芳[1] Gao Wen-cheng;Zhang Li-fang(University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200093,China)

机构地区：[1]上海理工大学,上海200093

出　　处：《外语学刊》2020年第3期38-44,共7页Foreign Language Research

基　　金：教育部人文社科基金项目“基于语料库的英汉存现句认知语言学对比再研究”(17YJA740012)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：认知语法视句子为意象。场景启动的句子,如果发生意象与预期意象"啮合",话语就构成为认知模型侧画提供可及点的场景词汇概念所允准的例示,形成一个现实句;如果发生意象与预期意象"铣齿",话语就得不到为认知模型侧画提供可及点的场景词汇概念的允准,句子语义异常。其中,场景启动的比喻句经过概念合成,合成空间的浮现结构与场景词汇概念提供可及点的认知模型侧画及其相关知识一致,属于整合性意象"啮合",是认知模型扩展的结果。句子语义匹配的意象观把认知语法和认知语义学有机地统一起来,尝试性地解释场景启动的句子语义匹配的内在认知机制。因为引入体验认知,句子语义匹配的意象观比结构观和形式观更自然、心理真实性更强,也证明语义-语法互动的本质,以及语义的动态性、主观识解性和百科性。A sentence is perceived as an imagery within the framework of Cognitive Grammar. As for a sentence which is primed by a scene, if its occurring imagery "meshes" with its anticipated one, the situated utterance is then licensed by the lexical concept of the scene which provides an access site to the cognitive model profile as an instance, and traditionally the sentence remains a realistic one. If its occurring imagery "mills" with its anticipated one, the situated utterance is then not licensed by the lexical concept of the scene which serves as an access site to the cognitive model profile, and thus the sentence becomes semantically anomalous(possible sentence or nonsense). As for the figurative sentences primed by the same scene that involve a figure of speech of simile, the account is that after conceptual blending, the emergent structure of the blend is in agreement with the accessed cognitive model profile and its related knowledge via the site of the lexical concept of the scene, which is termed as integrated imagery meshing as an outcome of expansion of cognitive model. This cognitive imagery view of sentence meaning match unites cognitive grammar with cognitive semantics judiciously, which can tentatively offer us an account of cognitive mechanism of sentence meaning match in human mind, in particular, about those primed by a specific scene. This new perspective is more natural and psychologically plausible as a result of introducing embodied cognition compared with the previous structural and formal angles, which also proves that there indeed exists an interface between grammar and semantics, and that semantic knowledge remains dynamic, encyclopedic, and a subjective construal as well.

关 键 词：语义匹配 意象 啮合 铣齿 词汇概念 认知模型 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]