2018年北京市区52名乳母膳食评价及其与母乳成分的关系  

Dietary evaluation of 52 lactating mothers in Beijing in 2018 and its relationship with breast milk composition

作　　者：吕建利 范煜桢 张健[2] 赵艾[2] 杨帆[2] 张玉梅[2] Lyu Jianli;Fan Yuzhen;Zhang Jian;Zhao Ai;Yang Fan;Zhang Yumei(Xuchang Maternal and Child Care Hospital,Xuchang 461000,China;Public Health School,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]许昌市妇幼保健院,许昌461000 [2]北京大学公共卫生学院,北京100191

出　　处：《卫生研究》2020年第3期392-396,共5页Journal of Hygiene Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(No.2017YFD0400602)。

摘　　要：目的了解北京市区乳母膳食营养水平及其与母乳成分的关系。方法在2018年5-7月采用方便抽样对北京市52名乳母进行问卷调查和母乳收集,计算膳食营养素摄入量并与中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量进行比较,用多元线性回归来分析膳食营养与母乳成分关系。结果总能量摄入[(1674.15±655.85)kcal]低于推荐值,蛋白质[72.77(45.33,92.25)g]、脂肪[66.94(39.26,83.83)g]、碳水化合物[(208.34±85.77)g]的摄入不足,其中碳水化合物供能比(49.8%)低于推荐值,而蛋白质(17.39%)、脂肪(35.99%)高于推荐值;维生素A、叶酸、钙摄入不足率也较高(分别为73.1%、76.9%和75.0%);三餐的能量摄入比例大约为3∶4∶3,膳食蛋白质中优质蛋白的比例超过50%;母乳中的脂肪(P=0.007)、干物质(P=0.006)和总能量(P=0.006)受到膳食中蛋白质的影响,而蛋白质(P=0.283)和糖类(P=0.307)则不受膳食因素影响。结论乳母多种营养素摄入存在不足,尤其是宏量营养素。母乳中的脂肪、干物质和总能量受到膳食中蛋白质的影响。OBJECTIVE To investigate the dietary nutrition status of lactating mothers in Beijing and the relationship between dietary nutrition level and breast milk composition.METHODS Using convenient sampling,fifty-two lactating mothers were investigated and their breast milk was collected from May 2018 to July 2018.Dietary nutrient intake and the incidence of insufficiency nutrients intake were calculated.Dietary nutrient intake was compared with the dietary reference intake of Chinese residents.The relationship between dietary nutrition and breast milk composition was analyzed by multiple linear regression.RESULTS The total energy intake was(1674.15±655.85)kcal,which was lower than the recommended value;protein(72.77(45.33,92.25)g),fat(66.94(39.26,83.83)g)and carbohydrates((208.34±85.77)g)were insufficient,of which the energy supply ratio of carbohydrates(49.8%)was lower than the recommended value,while the protein(17.39%)and fat(35.99%)were higher than the recommended value.The insufficiency rate of vitamin A(73.1%),folic acid(76.9%),calcium(75.0%)were also high.The ratio of energy produced by three meals was about 3∶4∶3,and the proportion of high-quality protein in dietary protein exceeded 50%.The fat(P=0.007),dry matter(P=0.006)and total energy(P=0.006)in breast milk were affected by the protein in the diet,but protein(P=0.283)and sugar(P=0.307)in breast milk were not affected by dietary factors.CONCLUSION The intakes of many nutrients of lactating mother are insufficient,especially energy and macronutrients.The fat,dry matter and total energy in breast milk are affected by the protein in the diet.

关 键 词：乳母 膳食评价 母乳成分 婴幼儿喂养 营养素 

分 类 号：R174[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R151.3[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]