食品中矿物质最高强化水平的风险评估  

Risk Assessment of Maximum Fortification Level of Minerals in Foods

作　　者：李湖中 钟伟 黄建 于冬梅 韩军花 李宁 刘爱东 Li Huzhong;Zhong Wei;Huang Jian;Yu Dongmei;Han Junhua;Li Ning;Liu Aidong(China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment,Beijing 100022;Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Minhang District,Shanghai 201101;National Institute for Nutrition and Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050;Chinese Nutrition Society,Beijing 100020)

机构地区：[1]国家食品安全风险评估中心,北京100022 [2]上海市闵行区疾病预防控制中心,上海201101 [3]中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所,北京100050 [4]中国营养学会,北京100020

出　　处：《中国食品学报》2020年第6期263-269,共7页Journal of Chinese Institute Of Food Science and Technology

摘　　要：目的:以钙、铁、锌、硒、铜为例,探讨确定食品中矿物质最高强化水平的方法,提出自愿性食品强化中矿物质的强化水平上限建议值。方法:基于营养素风险评估的原则和方法,建立最高强化水平的评估模型,结合我国微量营养素风险等级划分,利用中国居民营养与健康状况监测(2010-2013)数据,按年龄分层分析,得出不同年龄组人群各营养素的最高强化水平(MSFL),为保证安全,采用MSFL中最低值作为该营养素最终的最高强化水平(MSFLf)。计算各营养素的MSFLf占其营养素参考值(NRV)的百分比,从而为食品中矿物质的最高强化水平提供参考。结果:钙、铁、锌、硒、铜的MSFLf/NRV分别为74.19%,16.88%,4.9%,155.79%,37.42%。根据年龄组划分调整后,钙、铁、锌、硒、铜的MSFLf/NRV分别为74.19%,30.00%,42.15%,155.79%,37.42%。依据调整后的结果,本研究建议风险等级为A的矿物质的MSFLf为30%NRV/100kcal(30%NRV/420kJ),风险等级为B的矿物质的MSFLf为40%NRV/100kcal(40%NRV/420kJ),由于风险等级为C的矿物质过量风险很低,因此其MSFLf可结合管理需要进行设定。结论:结合模型风险评估结果与营养素风险等级划分,对我国食品营养强化中矿物质强化水平上限的建议值如下:风险等级为A和B的矿物质的MSFLf分别为30%NRV/100kcal(30%NRV/420kJ)及40%NRV/100kcal(40%NRV/420kJ),风险等级为C的矿物质的MSFLf则可结合管理需要进行设定。Objective:This study takes calcium,iron,zinc,selenium and copper as an example to explore the method of determining maximum fortification level of minerals in foods,and puts forward the recommended maximum minerals fortification level in voluntary food fortification.Methods:Based on the principles of nutrient risk assessment,a maximum fortification level assessment model was established.Combined with the risk classification of micronutrients in China,the data of China National Nutrition and Health Survey(2010-2013)was stratified by age,to calculate the maximum safe fortification level(MSFL),among them the lowest values were suggested as the final maximum safe fortification level(MSFLf).Calculate the percentage,which each nutrient’s MSFLf with its nutrient reference value(NRV),providing reference for the maximum fortification levels of minerals in foods.Results:The MSFLf/NRV of calcium,iron,zinc,selenium and copper were 74.19%,16.88%,4.9%,155.79%and 37.42%,respectively.After the adjustment by age,the MSFLf/NRV of calcium,iron,zinc,selenium and copper were 74.19%,30%,42.15%,155.79%and 37.42%,respectively.According to the results after adjustment,this study recommended the MSFLf for class A minerals is 30%NRV/100kcal(30%NRV/420kJ),the MSFLf for class B minerals is 40%NRV/100kcal(40%NRV/420kJ),the MSFLf for class C minerals can be set for management needs due to their low risk of over-dose.Conclusion:In combination with the results of risk assessment and micronutrients classification,the recommended maximum fortification levels of minerals in China are as follows:The MSFLf for class A and class B minerals are 30%NRV/100kcal(30%NRV/420kJ)and 40%NRV/100kcal(40%NRV/420kJ)respectively,and the MSFLf for class C minerals can be set for management needs due to their low risk of over-dose.

关 键 词：食物强化 矿物质 风险评估 强化水平上限 

分 类 号：TS201.6[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]