内隐觉察的行为和神经活动特征  

The Behavioral and Neural Active Features of Implicit Detection

作　　者：刘希平[1] 向往 唐卫海[1] Liu Xiping;Xiang Wang;Tang Weihai(Factual of Psychology,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin,300387;School of Education Science,GuangXi University for Nationalities,Nanning,530006)

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学心理学部,天津300387 [2]广西民族大学教育科学学院,南宁530006

出　　处：《心理科学》2020年第3期578-585,共8页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：天津师范大学全国社科重大课题培育课题“集体记忆的社会心理学问题”的资助。

摘　　要：变化盲视是指在某些条件下人们往往觉察不到视觉场景中实质性的改变。最近研究表明,变化盲视发生时个体虽然不能有意识地报告变化,但却能无意识地对变化刺激进行加工和反应,也就是产生了内隐觉察。内隐觉察能够引导注意、影响反应速度。与觉察和无觉察相比,内隐觉察的眼动模式具有鲜明的特征。与无变化试次相比,内隐觉察试次可以观察到显著的脑电活动变化以及不同的脑区激活。内隐觉察的研究虽然取得了丰富的成果,但也还存在着几个需要进一步探讨和解决的问题,如左侧前额叶在内隐觉察中的作用,以及如何将没有视觉干扰的范式应用到神经活动的测量中等。Change blindness is the striking failure to see large changes that normally would be noticed easily.It may be a general consequence of selective visual attention relevant to multiple species and stimulus dimensions.In contrast,change detection is the successful awareness of the change.The term of change detection pertains primarily to the visual processes involved in first noticing a change.It denotes not only proper detection(i.e.,the observer reporting on the existence of the change),but also identification(reporting what the change is)and localization(reporting where it is).Recent studies have shown that while change blindness occurs,observers cannot consciously report changes,instead they can unconsciously process and respond to changing stimulus.This phenomenon is called implicit detection.When an implicit detection occurs,the observer's response time,eye movement pattern,event-related potentials and activation brain area are significantly different from those where the scene has no change.Change blindness cannot be interpreted as resulting from impoverished or volatile visual representations or as a failure to process the pre-change and post-change object.Instead,change detection appears in explicit change detection is not sensitive to the presence of that information.Implicit detection affects the speed of response,which is typically manifested in Simon effect and Sperling-type tasks.Some experimental evidence from gaze-tracking and forced-choice tasks has pointed towards the possibility that some implicit bottom-up processes may guide visual perception even during change blindness.Participants could correctly guess the change location above chance level even though they claimed that could not notice the change.Comparing eye metrics of detection,non-detection and possible implicit detection,results indicated that eye metrics of fixation count,fixation duration,mean saccade length,and backtrack rate can predict detections and non-detections.Additionally,gaze plots of possible implicit detection reveal signa

关 键 词：变化盲视 变化觉察 内隐觉察 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]