高速列车底部流动特性分析  

Investigation on the Characteristics of the Underbody Flow Around High-speed Train

作　　者：朱剑月[1,2,3] 吕苏 陈力 沈哲[1] ZHU Jianyue;Lü Su;CHEN Li;SHEN Zhe(ShanghaiAutomotive Wind Tunnel Center,Tongji University,Shanghai 201804;The State Key Laboratory of Heavy Duty AC Drive Electric Locomotive Systems Integration,Zhuzhou 412001;Institute of Rail Transit,Tongji University,Shanghai 201804)

机构地区：[1]同济大学上海地面交通工具风洞中心,上海201804 [2]大功率交流传动电力机车系统集成国家重点实验室,株洲412001 [3]同济大学铁道与城市轨道交通研究院,上海201804

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2020年第12期133-143,共11页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51875411);上海市专业技术服务平台(19DZ2290400);牵引动力国家重点实验室开放课题(TPL1804)资助项目。

摘　　要：高速列车底部流动是形成道砟飞砟的重要原因。基于延迟分离涡模型计算模拟了包含地面的高速列车底部流动特性,结果表明,由于流动分离与湍涡发展,列车周围(尤其在车头、转向架、车厢连接处与尾车等部位)产生了高湍流度非定常流动。车头部位产生的强压力脉动,极易诱发道碴颗粒在列车风作用下产生飞砟。列车底部流场内,与钢轨踏面以下区域相比,踏面以上部位流动湍流发展充分,强度较高,使得道砟颗粒在轮轨动力作用下振离道床面后,易于在流场脉动力作用下产生飞砟。铰接式转向架区域流场,受到车厢连接部位流动干扰,产生较多涡流,湍流强度较大。列车尾迹内形成的大尺度尾涡下洗扫掠道床面形成较强压力脉动,容易导致道碴颗粒被列车风卷起,散落至钢轨面上。因此,车头流线型设计、平顺车厢连接部位与控制列车尾流发展,将有利于降低列车底部流动对于道床面作用、减少飞砟现象发生。The turbulent underbody flow developed around a high-speed train is the crucial factor for ballast flight.Based on the delayed detached-eddy simulation,the flow behaviour around a scaled high-speed train with ground underneath is investigated.Results show that due to flow separations and vortex interactions,the highly unsteady flow is generated around the train,especially at the regions of the nose,the bogies,the inter-carriage gaps and the tail car.A significant pressure pulse produced at the nose area is expected to play a key role in the initiation of the ballast flight and make it happen more easily.Compared to the areas underneath the rail running surface,the flow fluctuations above the rail are larger.Thus,the ballast particles are conductive to be projected by the fluctuating flow beneath the train after separated from the trackbed surface under the strong wheel-rail excitement.Due to the special location within the inter-car gaps,the strong vortical flow is developed and distributed around the articulated bogie region.The train tail generates the large trailing vortices within the train wake which act on the ballasted trackbed surface and may induce the ballast flight.Therefore,the streamlined design of the nose,the smoothing of the inter-carriage gaps and the control of the train wake,which can reduce the interaction between the train underbody flow and the trackbed surface,and thus reduce the occurring of the ballast flight.

关 键 词：高速列车 列车空气动力学 道砟飞砟 延迟分离涡模拟 流动特性 

分 类 号：U270[机械工程—车辆工程]