外源硒肥对小麦籽粒产量及植株硒元素积累的影响  

Effects of exogenous selenium fertilizer on grain yield and selenium accumulation in wheat

作　　者：卢鹏飞 高志强[1] 孙敏[1] 董石峰 任爱霞[1] 候非凡 尹雪斌[2] LU Pengfei;GAO Zhiqiang;SUN Min;DONG Shifeng;REN Aixia;HOU Feifan;YIN Xuebin(College of Agriculture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China;Shanxi Institute for Functional Agriculture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷030801 [2]山西农业大学山西功能农业研究院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报》2020年第3期17-22,共6页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划重点项目(201703D211001-02);山西农谷建设科研专项项目(SXNGJSKYZX201703);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项经费(CARS-03-01-24);山西省科技创新团队项目(201605D131041).

摘　　要：为明确不同种类硒肥对小麦富硒能力的影响,本研究以山西中部大面积推广的优质小麦品种‘中麦175’为材料,在开花期叶面喷施3种不同种类硒肥(无机硒肥、有机硒肥、纳米硒肥),对小麦农艺性状、产量形成、籽粒硒积累、硒强化指数等进行测定计算。结果表明:小麦开花期叶面喷施硒肥较不喷硒植株干物质量显著增加,千粒重显著提高,产量显著提高,达5.7%~10%,且以喷施有机硒肥最高;成熟期各器官硒含量及其累积量显著提高,籽粒中硒含量达236~275μg/kg,均达到富硒稻谷标准。喷施有机硒肥较纳米硒肥和无机硒肥成熟期茎、颖壳+穗轴及籽粒硒含量及其积累量显著提高,叶硒含量及其积累量显著降低;籽粒中硒代蛋氨酸、甲基硒代半胱氨酸含量显著提高,硒酸盐降低。此外,喷施纳米硒肥和有机硒肥植株和籽粒硒强化指数均显著高于喷施无机硒肥,且籽粒及籽粒有机态硒强化指数均以喷施有机硒肥显著最高。综上所述,小麦开花期喷施有机硒肥有利于通过提高千粒重提高产量,有利于促进植株中硒素向到籽粒中运转,有利于减少籽粒中无机态硒积累,促进有机态硒积累。In order to clarify the effect of different types of selenium fertilizers on wheat selenium-enriching ability,the good-quality wheat variety‘Zhongmai 175’,which is widely planted in central Shanxi,was taken as the research object to study the effect of spraying three kinds of selenium fertilizers(inorganic selenium fertilizer,organic selenium fertilizer,nano-selenium fertilizer)on the agronomic traits,yield formation,grain selenium accumulation and selenium biofortification index of wheat.The results showed that the dry matter,1000-grain weight,and yield of wheat with selenium sprayed in the flowering stage were all significantly higher than that of the non-sprayed selenium plant,the increase reaching 5.7%-10%,and the highest was the plant sprayed with organic selenium.The selenium content and its accumulation in various organs during maturity were significantly increased,and the selenium content in the grain reached 236-275μg/kg,which all met the selenium-enriched rice standard.Compared with nano-selenium and inorganic selenium,spraying organic selenium significantly increased selenium content and accumulation in stems,hulls,cobs and grains,while leaf selenium content and its accumulation were significantly reduced;the content of SeMet and MeSeCys in the grain was significantly increased,and the selenate was reduced.In addition,the selenium biofortification index of the plants and grains of nano-selenium and organic selenium were significantly higher than that of inorganic selenium.The grain and grain organic form selenium biofortification indices were the highest by spraying organic selenium.Above all,spraying organic selenium fertilizer during flowering period is beneficial to increasing yield by improving 1000-grain weight,promoting the transfer of selenium in the plant to the grain,reducing the accumulation of inorganic form of selenium in the grain and promoting the accumulation of organic form of selenium.

关 键 词：小麦 纳米硒 有机硒 产量 硒含量 硒形态 硒强化指数 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]