21世纪以来德国联邦政府0〜3岁婴幼儿托育改革进展与趋势  

The Latest Trend of the German Federal Government Reform on Early Childhood Education for Children Less Than 3 Years Old Since the 21st Century

作　　者：武欣[1] 史瑾 WU Xin;SHI Jin(Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;School of Early Childhood Education,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100875 [2]首都师范大学学前教育学院,北京100048

出　　处：《外国教育研究》2020年第7期87-100,共14页Studies in Foreign Education

基　　金：2018年度国家社科基金重大项目“我国普惠性学前教育公共服务体系建设的路径和机制研究”(项目批准号:18ZDA337)。

摘　　要：1990年联邦德国统一以后,尤其是21世纪以来,面对社会投资话语盛行、欧盟政策影响、PISA结果冲击等新的改革背景,德国联邦政府开始了新时期0~3岁婴幼儿托育改革,改变了以往以家庭为主的传统育儿范式,婴幼儿托育也从一个边缘化的政策领域逐步过渡到社会改革的前沿议题。"扩资源、提质量"成为德国婴幼儿托育改革的主要内容。此轮改革主要呈现出如下特点与趋势:联邦政府试图扭转权力下移和过于分散的体制障碍,通过项目制、加大财政投入等方式强化联邦政府的责任;托育机构的功能、结构与类型均发生了转变;婴幼儿托育面临着家庭主义导向与社会投资价值导向的矛盾与冲突。在很长一段时间内,确保可获得、可支付和有质量仍然是德国婴幼儿托育改革的主要目标,但因为各级政府责任模糊,相关配套制度体系仍有待完善,改革的效率与进度较为缓慢,改革效果仍有待评估与实践验证。After the reunification of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1990,especially since the 21st century,Germany faced new policy backgrounds such as the prevalence of social investment discourse,the impact of EU policy,and the impact of PISA results.The German federal government has launched a new era of reform and development early childhood education for children less than 3 years old(ECE)which were changed the traditional family-based parenting paradigm.ECEC has also gradually transitioned from a marginalized policy area to the forefront of social reform."Expanding resources and improving quality"has become the main content of early education reform in Germany.It presents the following characteristics and trend:The federal government is trying to reverse the institutional restrictions of decentralization and excessive decentralization,and strengthen the responsibility of the federal government through project systems and increased financial input;the functional orientation,organization form,and organization type of the child care institution have changed;it;s also facing contradictions and conflicts between the orientation of familyism and social investment.For a long time,ensuring the availability,affordability and quality of ECEC is still the main reform goals.However,because the responsibilities of governments are vague,the relevant supporting system still needs to be improved,and the efficiency and progress of the reform are slow,and the effect of reform remains to be assessed and verified.

关 键 词：德国 0-3岁婴幼儿 托育 改革 

分 类 号：G619[文化科学—学前教育学] G516[文化科学—教育学]