柔道一本背负投技术的运动学分析  

A Kinematic Analysis of Judo Ippon-seoi-nage

作　　者：米奕翔[1] 冯通 王向东[1] MI Yixiang;FENG Tong;WANG Xiangdong(China Institute of Sport Science,Beijing 100061,China;Beijing Sports University,Beijing 100084,China.)

机构地区：[1]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061 [2]北京体育大学,北京100084

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2020年第8期46-53,共8页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家体育总局科技助力奥运项目(委19-03)。

摘　　要：目的:柔道一本背负投技术是柔道中一种技巧较高的投技,在比赛中可直接获得胜利。通过运动学分析获取一本背负投技术运动学参数,揭示一本背负投技术的生物力学原理。方法:使用Qualisys三维运动捕捉与分析系统,选择6名运动员做一本背负投技术,获得相关运动学参数。结果:1)柔道一本背负投技术的主要动作时间在1~1.5 s之间,在平时训练和比赛中,应尽可能减少背负投动作的使用时间,尤其是发力阶段的时间;2)上步阶段:受试者转体幅度较小,下肢先于上肢开始扭转,但两肩转动速度大于两髋转动速度,右侧肘关节和膝关节活动幅度和角速度远大于左侧肘关节对应数据;3)转体阶段:受试者在该阶段转体幅度和转体速度都达到最大值,从动作上看主要通过快速屈肘和屈膝达到快速转体的目的,转体结束时左右膝关节同时屈曲到最小值110°左右,为发力阶段快速蹬伸创造了有利条件;4)发力阶段:受试者在该阶段转体速度最慢,动作上主要表现为通过快速伸肘和伸膝达到发力的目的,膝关节发力要早于肘关节。Objective:Ippon-seoi-nage is a relatively high skill in judo.Competitors can win directly through it in the competition.The purpose of this article is to obtain the kinematic parameters of Ippon-seoi-nage through kinematics analysis,and to reveal the biomechanical principles of it.Method:By using three-dimensional motion capture and analysis system of Qualisys,six athletes were selected to perform Ippon-seoi-nage,and relevant kinematic parameters were obtained.Results:1)The main action time of Ippon-seoi-nage was between 1 s and 1.5 s.In normal training and competition,the time of its action should be reduced as much as possible,especially at the time to force;2)at the step stage:The subject's twist was small.The lower limbs started to twist before the upper limbs,but the speed of rotation in both shoulders was greater than which in both hips.The amplitude and angular velocity of the right elbow and knee joints were much larger than the corresponding data of the left elbow joint;3)at the turning stage:The subject's turning amplitude and turning speed reached the maximum at this stage.From the perspective of movement,it mainly achieved the goal of fast turning by flexing elbows and knee rapidly.At the end of the turning,the joints in both left and right knees were flexed to a minimum in about 110 degrees,which had created a favorable condition for rapid pounding on the ground and stretching at the force stage;4)at the force stage:The subject’s turning speed was slowest at this stage where the movement was mainly manifested by rapid elbows extension and knees extension to achieve the purpose of force,meanwhile the knee joints forced earlier than the elbow joints.

关 键 词：柔道 一本背负投 运动学 角度 角速度 

分 类 号：G804.1[文化科学—运动人体科学]