基于衍射光学的无人机飞行姿态控制方法  

Flying attitude control method of UAV based on diffractive optics

作　　者：蔡文霞[1] 马志春[1] 李莉[1] CAI Wenxia;MA Zhichun;LI Li(Shijiazhuang University,Shijiazhuang 050035,China)

机构地区：[1]石家庄学院,石家庄050035

出　　处：《激光杂志》2020年第8期209-213,共5页Laser Journal

基　　金：河北省省级科技计划自筹经费项目(No.18211928);河北省教育厅高等学校科学研究项目(No.Z2019038);河北省省级科技计划自筹经费项目(No.18214320)。

摘　　要：针对当前飞行姿态控制精度较低等问题,提出基于衍射光学的无人机飞行姿态控制方法。将衍射光学与CCD星敏感器内的光学系统模块相结合,构建折衍混合系统模块。考虑光阑与透镜的接触条件,利用折衍混合系统模块的衍射透镜,在CCD星敏感器较宽频段内消除恒星成像色差。利用CCD星敏感器中的恒星成像,通过获取恒星质心,识别、跟踪星图,估计姿态等计算获取天体空间中CCD星敏感器视轴的瞬间指向,得到无人机飞行坐标变换矩阵,实现无人机飞行姿态控制。仿真结果显示,所提方法能有效控制无人机飞行姿态,光学系统成像经衍射光学元件散焦处理后的不同视场在30微米中可汇总85%以上的能量,同时降低了二级光谱,成像质量高,提升了无人机飞行姿态控制精度。In view of the low precision of current flight attitude control,a new attitude control method of UAV based on diffractive optics is proposed.By combining the diffraction optics with optical system module in CCD star sensor,the hybrid system module is constructed.Considering the contact conditions between aperture and lens,the diffraction lens of folded hybrid system module is used to eliminate the chromatic aberration of star image in wide band of CCD star sensor.Star imaging in CCD star sensor is used to obtain the centroid of the star,identify and track the star map,estimate the attitude and other calculations to obtain instantaneous direction of CCD star sensor's visual axis in celestial space,so as the flight coordinate transformation matrix of UAV is obtained,and the flight attitude control of UAV is realized.Simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively control the UAV's flight attitude,and the energy of different view fields of optical system imaging after defocusing the diffracted optical elements in 30 microns can be collected more than 85%,while the secondary spectrum is reduced,the imaging quality is high,and the flight attitude control accuracy of UAV is improved.

关 键 词：衍射光学 无人机 飞行姿态 控制 CCD星敏感器 

分 类 号：TN929[电子电信—通信与信息系统]