生态问题的世界观检视  

On Ecological Issues from Perspective of World View

作　　者：王金玉 Wang Jinyu(College of Marxism,Nanjing Forestry University)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2020年第4期39-46,共8页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：研究阐释党的十九届四中全会精神国家社会科学基金重大项目“坚持马克思主义在意识形态领域指导地位的根本制度的总体逻辑研究”(20ZDA016);教育部社会科学基金规划课题“马克思人学视域中的正义观研究”(18YJA720013)。

摘　　要：正在全球肆虐的新冠疫情带给人们的思考将是全方位的,其中,从哲学世界观层面对日益严重的生态问题进行哲学反思仍十分必要。世界观关注的核心是人与世界的关系,包括人与自然、人与社会、人与他人的关系等。世界观问题与其说是如何看待世界的问题,不如说是如何与世界交往的问题,正是从这个意义上,世界观与人们的实践方式密切相关。近代以来,伴随着资本主义的日益兴起,以主客体对立为基础的主体形而上学成为占支配地位的主导性意识形态。从人与自然的关系看,主体形而上学从意识出发看待自然,自然作为客体被统摄到作为主体的意识之中,这既割裂了人与自然的有机联系,又将人的主观欲望作为判断一切的标准。而在辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的视域中,自然作为人类生存发展的基础与人类息息相关,因而被看作人的“无机的身体”,而不是任人摆布的客观对象。然而,主体形而上学的历史效应是巨大的,且这种效应迄今为止并未实质性地减弱。鉴于此,在全球新冠疫情仍十分严峻的背景下,从世界观视角审视生态问题的形上根源,真正树立辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的世界观,具有十分重大的理论和实践意义。The COVID‐19 epidemic,which is raging all over the world,will prompt people to make a comprehensive reflection.Philosophical reflection on the increasingly serious ecological problems from the philosophical world view is essential.The world view focuses on the relationship between man and the world,including the relationship between man and nature,man and society,and the interpersonal relationship,etc.The problem of world view is not so much how to view the world as how to communicate with the world.It is in this sense that world view is closely related to man's practice mode.Since modern times,with the rising of capitalism,subject metaphysics based on the opposition between subject and object has become the dominant ideology.Seen from the relationship between man and nature,subjective metaphysics views nature in terms of consciousness,and nature,as an object,is integrated into the consciousness of a subject.Subjective metaphysics not only separates the organic connection between man and nature,but also takes man's subjective desire as the criterion to judge everything.From the perspective of dialectical materialism and historical materialism,nature,as the basis of human survival and development,is closely related to human beings.In this sense,nature is regarded as an“inorganic body”of humans,rather than an object at the mercy of humans.However,the historical effect of subjective metaphysics is huge,and the effect has not been so far essentially weakened.In view of this,it is of theoretical and practical significance to inspect the metaphysical root from the perspective of world view and genuinely set up the world view of dialectical materialism and historical materialism against the background of the raging global COVID‐19 epidemic.

关 键 词：生态问题 主体形而上学 辩证唯物主义世界观 

分 类 号：X2[环境科学与工程—环境科学] B02[哲学宗教—哲学理论]