语境预测性对阅读中字词加工过程的影响:眼动证据  

Predictability impacts word and character processing in Chinese reading:Evidence from eye movements

作　　者：刘志方 仝文[2] 张智君[3] 赵亚军 LIU Zhifang;TONG Wen;ZHANG Zhijun;ZHAO Yajun(College of Education,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 311121,China;Department of Psychology,Shanxi Normal University,Linfen 041004,China;Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310028,China;College of Education and Psychology,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学教育学院,杭州311121 [2]山西师范大学心理学系,临汾041004 [3]浙江大学心理与行为科学系,杭州310028 [4]西南民族大学教育学与心理学学院,成都610041

出　　处：《心理学报》2020年第9期1031-1047,共17页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(17CYY059)研究成果。

摘　　要：研究包含3项实验,通过观察语境预测性与目标词汇的整词词频、词内汉字字频间交互作用,以探讨阅读中语境预测性如何影响中文词汇加工问题。研究以双字词为例,实验1操控目标词汇的语境预测性与整词词频,结果发现,语境预测性与整词词频交互作用不显著。实验2操控目标词汇的语境预测性与首字字频,结果发现,语境预测性与首字字频交互作用不显著。实验1和实验2的贝叶斯分析都倾向于支持交互作用不存在假设。实验3操控目标词汇的语境预测性与尾字字频,结果发现,语境预测性与尾字字频交互影响首次注视时间、凝视时间、总注视时间和再注视概率。由此可知,语境预测性与整词词频、首字字频变量相对独立地影响词汇加工;语境预测性直接影响词内汉字(尾字)的加工过程。It has been extensively documented that the predictability of a word in context is closely related with how easily it can be processed.Although there is evidence that the precise time course of predictability effects facilitates the parafoveal processing of alphabetic words,i.e.,the extraction of their visual,orthographic,phonological,and semantic features,the issue of how context impacts the early stages of word processing in Chinese reading remains a matter of debate.In particular,does it affect early word and character processing when identifying multi-character words?This issue was explored in the present study by manipulating the predictability of the target words and the frequency of words or characters.The hypothesis that predictability facilitates the early stage of word processing,i.e.,word/character processing,predicts reliable interaction effects of predictability with word/character frequency.Three experiments were conducted to check this prediction Eye movements of participants were tracked as they read Chinese text.The sentences that contained target words were displayed in Song font,with each Chinese character subtending approximately 1.32 degrees of visual angle.The target words embedded in the sentences in the experiments were composed of two Chinese characters.All three experiments manipulated target words’predictability,in addition to which we also varied the target words’frequencies in Experiment 1,the frequencies of the initial characters of the target words in Experiment 2,and the frequencies of the end characters of the target words in Experiment 3.The movements of the participants’right eyes were recorded with an Eye Link 1000 device manufactured by SR Research Ltd.Pervasive predictability effects were observed in the eye movement measures in all three experiments,such that high predictability words were fixated for longer times than low predictability words(i.e.,first fixation duration,gaze duration,and total reading time),and were re-fixated and regressed less often and skipped mor

关 键 词：中文阅读 语境预测性 字词加工 眼动 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]