以城镇化的思维解决农村教育城镇化的问题——兼谈农村教育城镇化之争  

Solving the Urbanization of Rural Education with the Thought of Urbanization--On the Dispute of Urbanization of Rural Education

作　　者：刘秀峰 代显华[2] LIU Xiufeng;DAI Xianhua(School of Educational Science,Sichuan Normal University,Chengdu,Sichuan,610068,China;Chengdu University,Chengdu,Sichuan,610106,China)

机构地区：[1]四川师范大学教育科学学院,四川成都610066 [2]成都大学,四川成都610106

出　　处：《教育与教学研究》2020年第9期29-43,共15页Education and Teaching Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十三五”规划2020年度教育学青年课题“新中国70年来县域内学校布局的变迁研究”(编号:COA200244);四川省社会科学“十三五”规划2019年度项目“‘五位一体’协同振兴乡村教育机制研究”(编号:SC19B006)。

摘　　要：自2001年农村学校布局调整以来,学术界围绕农村教育城镇化及农村教育的走向展开了学术争鸣,一些学者主张以学校进城为主导的农村教育城镇化,而另一些学者反对农村教育城镇化,主张农村教育的本土探索与发展。当前,反对农村教育城镇化的一方暂居上风,引领了国家农村教育政策的走向。目前,农村教育的现实状况体现为:办学条件虽然得到改善,但学校教育经费仍显不足;农村教师队伍结构性缺编严重,且向城流动的心理仍明显,农村教师在城乡间“候鸟化”工作成为常态;农村学生向城性流动仍很明显,一些地区呈现出低龄化、跨区域的流动;农村学校布局调整仍有很大必要,但多维持现状等。基于此,文章提出农村教育城镇化是大势所趋,应尊重城镇化发展的规律,以城镇化的思维解决农村教育城镇化的问题,就是要正视农村教育城镇化,以城镇化的思维去理解农村学校的撤并与进城等农村教育城镇化的问题;顺应人口城镇化的趋势,用城镇化的思维、办法,顺势而为,去化解人口城镇化所引发的问题;当下最应该做的是扩大县城教育规模,大力发展寄宿制学校。Since the adjustment of the layout of rural schools in 2001,academic circles have launched academic debates around the urbanization of rural education and the trend of rural education.Some scholars advocate the urbanization of rural education led by schools going to the city,while others oppose the urbanization of rural education and advocate the local exploration and development of rural education.At present,the opposition to the urbanization of rural education occupies the upper hand,and leads the direction of the national rural education policy.There are still the following problems in rural education:although the school-running conditions have been improved,the funding for school education is still insufficient;the structural shortage of rural teachers is serious,for teachers still eager to work in cities and the"migratory bird"work of rural teachers between urban and rural areas has become the norm;rural students'urban mobility is still obvious,and some areas show the characteristics of lower age and cross-region;it is still necessary to adjust the layout of rural schools,but most of them maintain the status quo.Since the urbanization of rural education is the trend of the times,the development law of urbanization should be respected.Solving the problem of urbanization of rural education with the thinking of urbanization is to face it and understand the problems of urbanization of rural education such as the withdrawal and merger of rural schools and going to cities with the thinking of urbanization;comply with the trend of population urbanization and use the thinking and methods of urbanization to resolve the problems caused by population urbanization.At present,the most important thing to do is to expand the scale of county education and vigorously develop boarding schools.

关 键 词：农村教育 农村城镇化 农村教育城镇化 农村教师 农村学生 寄宿制学校 

分 类 号：G521[文化科学—教育学]