超导磁浮列车电动悬浮导向力学特性研究  

Study on Mechanical Characteristics of the Electrodynamic Levitation and Guidance System for the Superconducting Maglev Train

作　　者：张娟 赵春发[1] 冯洋[1] 任晓博 ZHANG Juan;ZHAO Chunfa;FENG Yang;REN Xiaobo(State Key Laboratory of Traction Power,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China;HIWING Technology Academy of CASIC,Beijing 100074,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,四川成都610031 [2]中国航天科工集团飞航技术研究院,北京100074

出　　处：《机械》2020年第9期25-32,共8页Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题——高速磁浮车辆动力学性能匹配设计理论与技术(2016YFB1200602-15)。

摘　　要：为了掌握超导电动悬浮导向的力学特性,建立"8"字形零磁通线圈与超导线圈组成的电磁系统的等效电路模型,推导出超导电动悬浮力和导向力解析公式,计算了不同行车速度、不同悬浮和导向间隙条件下的悬浮力和导向力,分析了电动悬浮导向的刚度和阻尼特性。研究结果表明,电动悬浮力和导向力随行车速度的提高而增大,但速度大于400 km/h以后悬浮力和导向力不再明显增长;悬浮力总是先随悬浮间隙的增大而增大,当悬浮间隙约为110 mm时悬浮力最大,若悬浮间隙进一步增大则悬浮力将减小;电动悬浮等效动刚度随悬浮间隙的增大而减小,随导向间隙的减小而增大,表明超导电动悬浮力的非线性特性较为明显;单侧超导线圈导向力随导向间隙的减小而非线性增大,但左右侧超导线圈的横向合力与其横向偏移量呈近似线性关系;单侧超导线圈导向等效动刚度随导向间隙的减小而快速增大,有利于维持车辆横向稳定性;在额定工作点附近,超导电动悬浮和导向的等效阻尼很小。In order to understand the mechanical characteristics of the superconducting electrodynamic levitation and guidance system,an equivalent circuit model of the electromagnetic system composed of cross-connected figure eight null-flux coils and the superconducting coils are established.Then,the analytic formula of electrodynamic levitation and guidance forces acting on the superconducting coils are deduced,which is used to calculate the magnetic levitation and guidance forces with different train running speed,levitation gap and guidance gap.Meanwhile,the stiffness and damping of the superconducting electrodynamic levitation and guidance system are analyzed.The results show that the levitation and guidance force increase with the increase of the train running speed,but there is no obvious growth after the running speed is greater than 400 km/h.The levitation force always increases with the increase of the levitation gap and reaches its maximum threshold when the levitation gap is about 110 mm,then decreases with the increase of the levitation gap.The equivalent dynamic stiffness of the electrodynamic levitation decreases with the increase of the levitation gap,and increases with the decrease of the guidance gap,which indicates that the electrodynamic levitation force is strongly nonlinear.The guidance force of one-sided superconducting coil has a nonlinear growth with the decrease of the guidance gap,but the lateral resultant force of the left and right-side superconducting coils has an approximate linear relationship with its lateral offset.The equivalent dynamic stiffness of single superconducting coil increases rapidly with the decrease of guidance gap,which benefits the lateral stability of the maglev vehicle.The equivalent damping of superconducting electrodynamic levitation and guidance is very small near the nominal operating point.

关 键 词：磁浮列车 电动悬浮 电磁力 刚度 阻尼 

分 类 号：U237[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]