汉语第二语言学习者产出性词汇复杂性研究  

A Study of the Productive Lexical Complexity of Learners of Chinese as a Second Language

作　　者：张江丽[1] ZHANG Jiangli(Training Department,Beijing Chinese Language and Culture College,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]北京华文学院专修部,北京102206

出　　处：《云南师范大学学报（对外汉语教学与研究版）》2020年第5期48-57,共10页Journal of Yunnan Normal University(Teaching & Studying Chinese as a Foreign Language Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“外国留学生汉语书面语词汇进步模式研究”(项目号:14CYY020);北京华文学院2020年度一般项目的支持。

摘　　要：基于较大规模的汉语第二语言学习者语料库,以《汉语国际教育用音节汉字词汇等级划分》(简称“新大纲”)和《汉语水平词汇等级大纲》(简称“旧大纲”)为参照,考察了汉语第二语言学习者词汇复杂性的总体情况,分析了不同水平汉语第二语言学习者词汇复杂性的变化趋势。总体来看,学习者对新旧大纲词汇的习得比例不高,他们对新旧大纲词汇的习得比例分别为68.4%和59.6%。学习者的词汇复杂性不太理想,他们对新旧大纲难词的习得比例分别为53.2%和46.5%。随着学习者汉语水平的提高,汉语第二语言学习者词汇的复杂性均逐渐提高。初级水平学习者对新旧大纲难词的习得比例均为12.9%,中级水平学习者对新旧大纲难词的习得比例均为24.0%,高级水平学习者对新旧大纲难词的习得比例分别为35.0%和42.9%。教师应从组合关系和聚合关系两个方面引导学生提高低频词的习得效率,以此来提高词汇习得的复杂性。Based on a large corpus of learners of Chinese as a second language,this paper examines the general situation of their acquisition of lexical complexity and analyzes the changing trends of lexical complexity at different levels by comparing the new syllabus The Criteria of Syllabic Chinese Lexical Hierarchy in International Chinese Education and the old syllabus The Syllabus of Vocabulary Hierarchy of Chinese Proficiency.Their acquisition of the vocabulary in the new syllabus is 68.4%and that in the old is 59.6%,generally not high.Their acquisition of difficult words is low,53.2%in the new syllabus and 46.5%in the old.With the improvement of the learners'Chinese proficiency,the complexity of their lexical acquisition has gradually increased.The acquisition of difficult words either in the new syllabus or in the old syllabus by the beginners is about 12.9%,that of the learners at the intermediate level is about 24.0%,while that of the advanced learners is 35.0%and 42.9%respectively.Teachers should guide students to improve the efficiency of the acquisition of low-frequency words from the aspects of composition and aggregation so as to improve their acquisition of lexical complexity.

关 键 词：词汇复杂性 汉语第二语言学习者 产出性词汇 词汇大纲 

分 类 号：H195[语言文字—汉语]