中国城乡教师交流政策的梳理与反思  

Review and Reflection of the Policy of Urban and Rural Teachers'Exchange in China

作　　者：李茂森[1,2] Li Maosen(Huzhou University,Huzhou 313000)

机构地区：[1]湖州师范学院教师教育学院,湖州313000 [2]浙江省乡村教育研究中心,湖州313000

出　　处：《当代教育论坛》2020年第5期113-121,共9页forum on contemporary education

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“县域内城乡流动教师身份认同的影响因素及其政策支持研究”(编号:16BGL173)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：城乡教师的合理有序流动,直接关乎社会正义和教育公平的最终实现。在对不同时期颁发的有关城乡教师交流的国家政策文本分析中发现,我国城乡教师交流政策的发展演变可以分为起步探索、持续发展、基本定型和深化完善四个阶段,其特点表现为政策价值诉求旨在促进教育均衡发展,政策内容重心的关注点具有持续性和动态性,政策发展趋向从“鼓励引导”走向“制度安排”,以及政策形式表现的权威性和协同性不断增强等。从政策工具的角度审视我国城乡教师交流政策,可在四个方面加以改进和完善:尊重教师交流的意愿,推动人本化的教师自主交流;加强交流政策的激励性,给予精准化的教师交流补偿;提升教师的专业能力,促进自主化的教师交流发展;破除教师管理的制度阻力,形成整体化的教育治理机制。The rational and orderly mobility of urban and rural teachers is directly related to the ultimate realization of social justice and educational equity.Based on the analysis of national policy texts on teachers'exchange between urban and rural areas issued in different periods,it is found that the development of the policy of urban and rural teachers'exchange in China can be divided into four stages:initial exploration,sustainable development,basic finalization and further improvement,which is characterized by the aim of promoting balanced development of education in terms of policy value appeal,the sustainability and dynamics as regard to the focus of policy content,the tendency from"encouragement and guidance"to"institutional arrangement"in policy development and the constantly enhanced authority and synergy in policy form.From the perspective of policy tools,the policy of urban and rural teachers'exchange can be improved and perfected in four aspects.Firstly,teachers'willingness of exchange should be respected in order to promote human-oriented independent teachers'exchange.Secondly,make a more incentivizing policy and provide precise compensation for teachers'exchange.Thirdly,improve teachers'expertise as a spur to the development of autonomous teachers'exchange.Finally,eliminate the institutional obstacle of teacher management to form a holistic educational governance mechanism.

关 键 词：城乡教师交流 政策工具 政策文本 政策改进 

分 类 号：G451[文化科学—教育学]