乌龙茶做青过程中导管形态和成分的变化研究  

Study on the Changes of Morphology and Composition of Vessel During Oolong Tea Fine Manipulation Process

作　　者：于松慧 刘璇 宋育林 苏虹羊 李静雯 李小超 陈玉琼[1] 倪德江[1] 余志[1] YU Song-hui;LIU Xuan;SONG Yu-lin;SU Hong-yang;LI Jing-wen;LI Xiao-chao;CHEN Yu-qiong;NI De-jiang;YU Zhi(College of Horticulure and Forestry Sciences Huazhong Agricultural UniversityKey Laboratory of Horticulural Plant Biology,Ministry of Education,W uhan 430070,China;Zigui Agniculural Technology Extension Center,Zigui 443600,China;Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculure in Central China,Ministry of Agriculure,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;WTTec(Beijing)Scientifie Technology Co.,Lud,Bejing 100125,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学园艺林学学院,园艺植物生物学教育部重点试验室,湖北武汉430070 [2]秭归县农业技术推广中心,湖北秭归443600 [3]华中农业大学农业部华中都市农业重点实验室,湖北武汉430070 [4]威泰克科学技术有限公司,北京100125

出　　处：《中国茶叶加工》2020年第3期43-50,共8页China Tea Processing

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD040800);茶叶初制精制智能生产线研制与示范项目(2018YFD0700505);高校自主创新基金项目(2662017JC035);秭归丝绵茶研究项目。

摘　　要：为研究铁观音茶叶叶片在乌龙茶做青过程中导管形态和结构成分的变化,用扫描电子显微镜观察并统计鲜叶以及做青过程中叶片主脉、叶柄、茎三个部位导管相对数量和导管内径变化规律;用激光共聚焦拉曼显微镜直接展示鲜叶、做青、炒青三个工艺阶段导管结构成分的变化。扫描电镜结果表明:在导管相对数量上,叶片主脉>叶柄>茎;做青过程中,三个部位导管内径在第一次和第二次做青阶段变化趋势相同,第三次做青阶段有差异。拉曼成像结果显示第三次晾青叶、炒青叶与鲜叶相比导管组成成分种类差异不显著,但纤维素以及归属1270~1370 cm^(-1)波段峰的物质含量存在差异。该研究为了解茶叶导管组织在加工过程中的变化规律以及对茶叶品质形成的影响提供参考。In order to study the changes of the morphology and structural composition of the vessels of Tieguanyin tea leaves during fine manipulation process,a scanning electron microscope was used to observe and count the relative number of vessels in the main veins,petioles and stems of fresh leaves and the variation rule of vessel inner diameter during the fine manipulation process.Laser confocal Raman microscope was used to directly display the changes of the composition of the vessels in the three stages of fresh leaves,fine manipulation and fixation.The results of scanning electron microscopy showed that:in terms of in the relative number of vessels,the main vein of the leaf> petiole> stem;during the fine manipulation process,the variation trend for the three parts of the vessels had the same changing trend during the first and the second stages,but the trend in the third stage was different.The results of Raman imaging showed that the composition of the vessels in the third cooling leaves and fixation leaves were not significantly different from that of fresh leaves,but there were differences in the content of cellulose and the substance belonging to the peak of 1270~1370 cm-1.The study provided a reference for understanding the changes of tea vessel tissue during processing and its influence on the formation of tea quality.

关 键 词：乌龙茶加工 导管形态 导管结构 扫描电子显微镜 激光共聚焦拉曼显微镜 

分 类 号：TS272.5A9[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]