联合国教科文组织《开放教育资源建议书》述评  

Evaluation of UNESCO's Recommendation concerning Open Educational Re⁃sources(OER)

作　　者： 肖俊洪[2] Stephen Downes

机构地区：[1]加拿大国家研究委员会 [2]汕头广播电视大学

出　　处：《中国远程教育》2020年第10期47-60,77,共15页Chinese Journal of Distance Education

摘　　要：2019年11月,联合国教科文组织通过了鼓励建设和使用开放教育资源支持全球教师和学习者的决议。虽然这个决议得到开放教育资源界的广泛支持,但是有一些关键内容具有争议性,需要进一步讨论。本文拟阐述其中一些问题,包括开放教育资源的"开放"含义、开放教育资源的成本问题,以及开放教育资源可以如何满足社会、经济发展的需要。除此之外,本文还探讨开放教育资源的利益相关者和他们在开放教育资源建设、部署和使用方面的角色,认为在有些情况下教科文组织决议所采用的定义不够宽广,因此应该采用一个更宽广的定义。决议多次提到"质量"这个概念并且出现了几个有分歧的定义,本文对此也展开讨论。文章最后论述开放教育资源的可持续性问题,尤其是相对于前文所述几个问题而言的可持续性。In November,2019,UNESCO adopted a resolution encouraging the development and use of open educational resources(OER)to support teachers and learners around the world.While this resolution enjoys broad support from the OER community,additional discussion needs to take place on some key points of contention.This article raises and addresses some of these issues.It addresses the question of what is meant by open􀆳in OER,the question of cost,and how OER are expected to address social,economic and development needs.It asks who the stakeholders are in OER and what role they play in the development,deployment and use of OER,arguing for a wider definition than is sometimes assumed in the resolution.It then examines the question of quality of OER,often referenced by the resolution,but subject to several competing definitions.Finally,it addresses the issue of sustainability of OER,particularly in light of the assumptions about the preceding issues.

关 键 词：开放教育资源 学习 发展 联合国教科文组织 质量 可持续性 

分 类 号：G236[文化科学]