孟子的“仁政”学说及其思想结构——重写先秦思想史系列  

Mencius’Theory of Benevolent Government and its Ideological Structure:The Series of Rewriting Ideological History of Pre-Qin Dynasty

作　　者：祁志祥[1] QI Zhixiang(Shanghai University of Political Science and Law.)

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院国学研究所

出　　处：《中国政法大学学报》2020年第5期45-56,206,共13页Journal Of CUPL

基　　金：笔者主持的2019年国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“先秦思想史:从‘神本’到‘人本’”(项目号:19FZXB060)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：孟子是儒家"亚圣"。他继承孔子的政治主张,发展出"仁政"学说。"仁政"学说的要义是要求君主像百姓的父母一样爱民保民,以"不忍人之心行不忍人之政",从而获得人民的拥戴。作为"不忍人之心"的政治实践,外王之道本自内圣之道,亦即仁义礼智之心的培育。为了启发人们内圣修养的自觉,孟子提出了"仁义礼智""心所同然",无此之心"非人也"的人性本善论。"仁政"学说的基础是"民贵君轻"的民本论。当君主实行暴政、导致民不聊生时,孟子赋予臣民"诛独夫民贼"的革命权。于是,从人性论到内圣论、到外王论,再到革命论,就成为以"仁政"为标志的孟子思想的逻辑结构。Mencius is a Confucian"sub saint".He inherited Confucius’political ideas and developed the theory of"benevolent government".The essence of the theory of"benevolent government"is to ask the monarch to love and protect the people like the parents of the people,so as to obtain the support of the people.As the political practice of"the heart of intolerance",the external king comes from the internal sage,that is,the cultivation of humanity,justice,propriety and wisdom.In order to inspire people’s self-consciousness of Inner Sage cultivation,Mencius put forward the theory of good nature with"humanity,justice,propriety and wisdom","the same state of mind"and"non-human mind".The theory of"benevolent government"is based on the theory that"the people are superior to the monarch".When the tyranny of the monarch led to the people’s poverty,Mencius gave the subjects the revolution right to"kill the autocrat and traitor".Therefore,from the theory of human nature to the theory of internal sage,to the theory of external king,and then to the theory of revolution,it became the logical structure of Mencius’thought marked by"benevolent government".

关 键 词：孟子 思想结构 人性论 内圣论 仁政论 革命论 

分 类 号：B222[哲学宗教—中国哲学]