新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)医学影像AI诊断研究进展  

Progress of artificial intelligence diagnosis and prognosis technology for COVID-19 medical imaging

作　　者：孟琭[1] 李镕辉 Meng Lu;Li Ronghui(College of Information Science and Engineering,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110004,China)

机构地区：[1]东北大学信息科学与工程学院,沈阳110004

出　　处：《中国图象图形学报》2020年第10期2058-2067,共10页Journal of Image and Graphics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(61973058);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(N2004020)。

摘　　要：2020年3月,世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)宣布新型冠状病毒肺炎(corona virus disease 2019,COVID-19)为世界大流行病,疫情的爆发给世界各地医疗系统带来巨大压力。现有的COVID-19诊断标准是核酸检测阳性,然而核酸检测假阴性率高达17%~25.5%,为避免漏诊,需要采用基于影像学的AI诊断方法筛查大量疑似病例,扼制疾病传播。本综述将回顾疫情爆发数月以来,基于医学影像的新冠肺炎AI辅助诊断的研究成果。首先介绍CT(computed tomography)和X光片的优缺点,以及COVID-19的放射学特征,然后对数据准备、图像分割和分类识别等AI诊断的关键步骤分别进行阐述,最后介绍COVID-19的跟踪和预后(预先对疾病后续发展过程及结果的判断和估计)。本文还整理了部分公开的COVID-19相关数据集,并对数据标注不足的问题提供了弱监督学习和迁移学习等解决方案。实验验证,AI系统诊断COVID-19的敏感性达到97.4%,特异性达到92.2%,优于放射科医生的诊断结果。其中表现尤为突出的是基于语义分割网络检测COVID-19感染区域,由此可以定量分析感染率。AI系统可以辅助医生诊断和治疗COVID-19,提高放射科医生阅读X光片和CT的效率。In March 2020,the World Health Organization(WHO)declared the new corona virus pneumonia(COVID-19)as a world pandemic,which means that the epidemic has broken out worldwide.The outbreak of COVID-19 threatens the lives and property safety of countless people and brings great pressure to medical systems.The main clinical symptoms of COVID-19 are fever,cough,and fatigue,which may lead to a fatal complication:acute respiratory distress syndrome.The main challenge in inhibiting the spread of this disease is the lack of efficient detection methods.Although reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)is the gold standard for confirming COVID-19,it takes 4-6 h to obtain the results,and the false-negative rate of RT-PCR detection is as high as 17%-25.5%.Therefore,multiple RT-PCR detections at intervals of several days must be performed to confirm the diagnostic result.In addition,RT-PCR reagents are lacking in many severe epidemic areas.By contrast,X-ray and CT(computed tomography)examination equipment have been widely popularized in hospitals.In clinical practice,by combining clinical symptoms and travel history,CT is an efficient and safe method to diagnose COVID-19.Compared with CT,X-ray examination has faster scanning speed and lower radiation amount.Moreover,X-ray and CT images are important tools for doctors to track and observe the condition and evaluate the efficacy.In summary,medical imaging plays a vital role in limiting the spread of viruses and treating COVID-19.During the outbreak of the epidemic,medical imaging-based AI-assisted diagnostic technology has become a popular research direction.Computer-aided diagnostic technology improves the sensitivity and specificity of doctors’diagnosis and is accurate and efficient,which helps rapid diagnosis of a large number of suspicious cases.For example,the out preformed AI-assisted diagnosis system can achieve an accuracy rate comparable to that of radiologists,and it take less than 1 second to perform a diagnosis.The system has been used in 16 hospitals,w

关 键 词：人工智能 新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19) 图像分割 计算机辅助诊断 感染区域分割 

分 类 号：TP[自动化与计算机技术]