家庭背景、重点中学和教育获得  

Family Background,Key Schools and Education Attainment

作　　者：杨玲[1] 张天骄 Ling Yang;Tianjiao Zhang(National School of Development,Peking University,Beijing,100871;Research Institute for High Education,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433)

机构地区：[1]北京大学国家发展研究院,北京100871 [2]复旦大学高等教育研究所,上海200433

出　　处：《教育与经济》2020年第5期33-44,共12页Education & Economy

基　　金：国家自科基金面上项目(项目编号:NSFC71873006)、国家社会科学基金教育学一般项目(项目编号:BFA180074)。

摘　　要：本文基于2016年中国劳动力动态调查(CLDS2016)数据,使用多项式logit模型,实证家庭背景对教育获得的影响及其中间机制。研究发现,在我国,教育获得的二元路径,即资源转化模式和文化再生产模式均存在,但两者表现有所不同,家庭社会经济地位显著影响子代接受教育的初期阶段,家庭文化资本则影响子代接受教育的全过程。同时,重点中学是家庭背景与教育获得的中间机制,且对二元路径的影响作用存在差异:在基础教育阶段,家庭经济资本和文化资本处于优势地位的学生更容易进入重点学校,而在高中升大学阶段,重点中学在家庭文化资本与高等教育获得中起部分中介作用,在家庭经济资本与高等教育获得中不存在中介作用。此外,重点学校的累积和增强效应显著,即前一阶段就读学校类型对后一阶段教育获得机会和质量都有积极影响,而且一直就读于重点初中和重点高中的学生,升大学存在明显优势。总的来看,先赋性家庭因素和制度性学校因素均显著影响个体教育获得,并且表现出双重优势累积效应。因此,本文认为应进一步深化教育改革,继续推进基础教育阶段的均衡发展,以政策干预缩小先赋性因素和制度化学校因素造成的教育获得阶层差距,进而保障教育平等和社会公平。Based on the data from China Labor-force Dynamics Survey in 2016,this paper uses the multinomial logit model to study the impact of key schools on high-quality education attainment and its intermediate mechanism.The study finds that the dual paths of education attainment,namely resource transformation and cultural reproduction,exists in China.Family’s economic capital and cultural capital have their own effects.Family’s social and economic status significantly affects the initial stage of offspring’s education while family’s cultural capital affects the whole process.At the same time,key middle/high schools are the intermediate mechanism between family background and education attainment.They have different intermediate effects on the dual paths of offspring’s education attainment.In the basic education stage,it is easier for students who have more social and economic capital or cultural capital to be admitted into key schools.However,when children go to university from senior school,key middle/high schools play a partial mediating role in family’s cultural capital and higher education attainment.Still,we do not see other similar effects in the family’s economic capital.Otherwise,key schools have significantly cumulative and enhanced effects:the type of school previously entered has significant and positive influence on the education availability and quality of the current school.Students who studied in the key middle schools and key senior schools have obvious advantage when they enter the universities.We find that predetermined family advantage and institutional school characteristics both exist,and they both have double accumulative advantages on individual education attainment.Therefore,this paper suggests that we should deepen education reform and promote balanced development especially in the basic education stage.Policy intervention should be used to narrow the gap of education attainment caused by the predetermined and institutionalized school factors to guarantee educational equality and eq

关 键 词：家庭背景 重点学校 教育获得 中介作用 累积优势 

分 类 号：F08[经济管理—政治经济学] G40-054[文化科学—教育学原理]