从“天理”自然到伦理世界——论朱熹自然观的伦理内蕴与价值审视  

From “the Nature of Heavenly Principles” to “the Ethical World”:On the Ethical Implications and Value Assessment of Zhu Xi's View of Nature

作　　者：李杰 欧阳辉纯[2] LI Jie;OUYANG Hui-chun(Yuzhang Normal University,Nanchang 330103,China;Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]豫章师范学院,南昌330103 [2]贵州师范大学,贵阳550025

出　　处：《云南大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第6期56-63,共8页The Journal of Yunnan University:Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：2018年江西省高校人文社会科学研究项目“儒家生命伦理视野下的医疗公正研究”(项目号:JC18112)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：天理自然观是朱熹思想体系的一个重要组成部分。朱熹不是仅从认识论的角度理解自然,而是从主体论、价值论的视角理解自然,把自然作为内在于人的一种存在来体认,朱熹天理自然观充满着强烈的道德意识。所以,对朱熹的天理自然不能仅从实在论的角度作认识论的解读,更要分析其伦理内蕴,并对其价值全面、辨证地加以审视。从伦理内蕴来看,朱熹自然观蕴含的伦理意蕴主要为:“天理”是人伦的最高法则;阴阳二气是“天理”在人间秩序的体现;“五常”是“天理”自然在人伦社会中的呈现。从价值审视上看,可以分为两个方面:从自然哲学的角度来说,朱熹提出的“天理”是赋予了人格化的内涵,不具有自然的真实性和实体性,因而是荒谬的。从道德哲学的角度来说,朱熹提出“天理”概念,把天人合一道德的价值上升到“天理”的地位,这为当时应对佛家和道家的挑战起到了积极作用;在功利盛行的当下,深刻理解朱熹天人合一道德理念,为人们心灵的安顿、优秀传统道德的继承和创新,都具有积极意义。The theory of heavenly principles is a key element of Zhu Xi’s philosophy. Zhu Xi understood nature not only from the perspective of epistemology,but from the perspectives of subjectivism and axiology. Recognizing nature as a kind of existence of man,Zhu Xi’s view of nature is full of strong moral consciousness. Therefore,our understanding of Zhu Xi’s view of nature should rely not only on realism as an epistemological interpretation,but also on the analysis of its ethical connotations as well as a comprehensive and dialectical assessment of its value. The ethical implications of Zhu Xi’s view of nature include the following: "Heavenly Principles"is the highest law of human relations;Yin and Yang are the embodiment of "Heavenly Principles"in the order of human society;the"Five Great Virtues"are the representation of the nature of Heavenly Principles in the human society. Its value orientation has two aspects: from the point of view of natural philosophy,Zhu Xi’s"theory of Heavenly Principles"is endowed with the connotations of personification,but does not have the truth and substance of nature;so it is absurd. From the point of view of moral philosophy,Zhu Xi’s theory raised the value of the unity of man and nature to the status of "heavenly principles",which played a positive role in dealing with the challenges of Buddhism and Taoism. With the popularity of utilitarianism nowadays,a deep understanding of Zhu Xi’s ethics of the unity of man and nature will play a positive role in consoling human hearts and inheriting and renewing our fine traditional ethics.

关 键 词：天理自然 伦理世界 价值审视 

分 类 号：B244.7[哲学宗教—中国哲学]