不同双低菜籽油水平饲粮对牦牛体外瘤胃发酵特征及甲烷产量的影响  

Effects of Different levels of Double⁃Low Rapeseed Oil Diets on Rumen Fermentation Characteristics and Methane Production of Yak in Vitro

作　　者：张群英 郝力壮[1] 牛建章[1] 孙璐[1] 多吉欧珠 刘书杰[1] ZHANG Qunying;HAO Lizhuang;NIU Jianzhang;SUN Lu;DUOJI Ouzhu;LIU Shujie(Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province,Academy of Science and Veterinary Medicine of Qinghai University,State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture,Qinghai Plateau Yak Research Center,Xining 810016,China;Yadong County Pastoral Service Centers of Tibet Autonomous Region Shigatse,Shigatse 857600,China)

机构地区：[1]青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室,青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,青海高原牦牛研究中心,西宁810016 [2]西藏自治区日喀则市亚东县农牧综合服务中心,日喀则857600

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2020年第11期5302-5313,共12页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31660673);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0500504);中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养引进计划(1-7);青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室奖励项目(14,1-8);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973前期项目)(No.2012CB722906)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在探讨不同水平双低菜籽油对牦牛瘤胃发酵特征及甲烷(CH4)产量的影响,为合理利用双低菜籽油调控牦牛瘤胃发酵提供理论依据。试验采用单因素试验设计,发酵底物为配制的4种精料和青贮燕麦风干草按照精粗比50∶50混匀得到的4组不同双低菜籽油水平饲粮,各组双低菜籽油水平分别为3.26%(Ⅰ组)、4.58%(Ⅱ组)、5.45%(Ⅲ组)和6.27%(Ⅳ组)。体外模拟瘤胃发酵培养48 h,分别在3、6、9、12、24、36和48 h时记录产气量,计算体外产气参数;并测定体外干物质消失率(IVDMD)及发酵液CH4产量、pH和氨态氮(NH3-N)、微生物蛋白(MCP)、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)含量。结果表明:1)Ⅳ组48 h产气量和慢速降解部分的产气量显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),Ⅰ组理论总产气量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。2)Ⅳ组发酵液的乙酸和总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)含量显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P<0.05),Ⅲ组发酵液的异丁酸和异戊酸含量均极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01),Ⅳ组发酵液的丁酸含量极显著高于其他各组(P <0.01)。3)Ⅳ组24 h IVDMD显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。4)Ⅲ组发酵液的12 h CH4产量极显著低于其他各组(P<0.01),Ⅳ组发酵液的24 h CH4产量极显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P<0.01),Ⅳ组发酵液的48 h CH4产量极显著低于其他各组(P<0.01)。5) CH4产量与饲粮粗脂肪(EE)含量呈极显著负相关关系(P<0.01),利用饲粮EE含量(x)预测其体外CH4产量(y)的方程为:y=-0.53x+13.52(R2=0.962 7)。由此可见,不同水平双低菜籽油饲粮中油脂含量的提高对产气动力学参数及动态变化有一定影响,会改善瘤胃发酵并有效降低CH4产量。当饲粮双低菜子油水平达到6.27%时,会抑制产气量及IVDMD。饲粮EE含量可作为预测牦牛体外CH4产量的有效指标。The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of different levels of double-low rapeseed oil diets on rumen fermentation characteristics and methane(CH4)production of yak in vitro,in order to provide the theoretical foundation for the rational use of double-low rapeseed in rumen fermentation. Using a single factor experimental design,the fermentation substrates were 4 groups of different levels of double-low rapeseed oil diets which compound with 4 kinds of concentrate and silage oat grass,and the ratio of concentrate to forage of was 50:50,the double-low rapeseed oil levels in each group were 3.26%(groupⅠ),4.58%(groupⅡ),5.45%(groupⅢ)and 6.27%(groupⅣ),respectively. At 3,6,9,12,24,36 and 48 h of in vitro fermentation,the gas production was recorded and the gas production parameters were calculated,the dry matter disappearance rate in vitro(IVDMD)and the CH4 production,pH and contents of ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N),microbial protein(MCP)and volatile fatty acid(VFA)in fermentation liquid were determined for 48 h simulating rumen fermentation cultivation in vitro. The results showed as follows:1)the 48 h gas production and slow-degraded gas production of groupⅣwere significantly lower than those of other groups(P<0.05),and the theoretical total gas production of groupⅠwas significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.05). 2)The contents of acetic acid and total volatile fatty acids(TVFA)in fermentation liquid of groupⅣwere significantly higher than those of groupsⅠandⅡ (P<0.05),the contents of isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid in fermentation liquid of groupⅢwere significantly higher than those of other groups(P<0.01),and the fermentation liquid butyric acid content of groupⅣwas significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.01).3)The 24 h IVDMD of groupⅣwas significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.05). 4)The fermentation liquid 12 h CH4 production of groupⅢwas significantly lower than that of other groups(P<0.01),the fermentation liquid 24 h CH4 production of grou

关 键 词：双低菜籽油 体外发酵 牦牛 甲烷产量 

分 类 号：S816.4[农业科学—饲料科学] S823[农业科学—畜牧学]