流动儿童对本地儿童学习成绩的影响——基于CEPS数据的分析  

The Effect of Migrant Students on Local Students Academic Performance:Based on CEPS Data

作　　者：刘泽云 郭睿 LIU Zeyun;GUO Rui

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学经济与工商管理学院/首都教育经济研究院,北京100875

出　　处：《北京大学教育评论》2020年第4期71-102,187,共33页Peking University Education Review

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金研究基地项目(16JDJYB005)。

摘　　要：学校中流动儿童的聚集是否会影响本地儿童的学业发展,是一个有价值的理论和现实问题。本文基于CEPS 2013—2014学年初三学生的调查数据,通过加入学校固定效应和删去非随机分班的样本,并经过平衡性检验后模拟出在同一学校内随机分班的研究环境,估计了班级内流动儿童比例对本地儿童学习成绩的影响。研究发现,班级内非农户口流动儿童比例不影响本地儿童的学习成绩;但是,农业户口流动儿童比例对女性本地儿童、能力较高的本地儿童、在当地最好学校就读的本地儿童以及直辖市或省会城市的本地儿童的学习成绩有微弱的、统计显著的负面影响。关于影响机制的探索性分析表明,这种负面影响可能源于流动儿童较少参加课外补习导致的溢出效应,以及流动儿童比例上升会导致教师调整教学方法并增加班级管理难度。相关政策建议为:在减少限制流动儿童在流入地接受教育的制度性障碍的同时,应该在教育资源分配的过程中对农业户口流动儿童较为聚集的学校有所倾斜,抵消逆向的同伴效应可能带来的负面影响。Based on CEPS data,this paper estimates the effect of migrant students on local students academic performance in China.The main finding is that the proportion of non-agricultural migrant students in a class doesn t affect local students academic performance,but the proportion of agricultural migrant students in a class has a weak negative effect on some groups of local students,namely female students,students with high ability and students in big cities and schools with high quality.The negative migrant effects may stem from the adjustment of teachers pedagogical and managerial practices and the fact that migrant students take less supplementary tutoring.While it is important that local government should reduce institutional barriers to the education of migrant children,more educational resources should be given to schools with high proportion of agricultural migrant students to address possible adverse peer effects on academic performance of local students.

关 键 词：流动儿童 本地儿童 学习成绩 同伴效应 

分 类 号：G40-054[文化科学—教育学原理]