工作记忆资源损耗对心算加工的影响  

The Effect of Working Memory Resource Wastage on Mental Arithmetic Processing

作　　者：潘运[1] 赵远遥 PAN Yun;ZHAO Yuan-yao(School ofPsychology,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学心理学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第12期142-148,共7页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860281,31260234).

摘　　要：采用心算和发音双任务范式,要求被试连续发音的同时在不同问题表征交互性上做加法心算,探讨不同计算长度中问题表征交互性对工作记忆资源损耗及数学焦虑的影响.结果发现:①短计算条件下,问题表征交互性对心算的正确率和计算偏差有显著影响,但对计算用时和效率没有显著影响;②长计算条件下,问题表征交互性对心算的正确率、计算偏差、计算用时和效率均有显著影响;③长计算低交互问题表征条件下,数学焦虑与计算偏差呈显著正相关,数学焦虑的程度越高计算偏差越大.结果表明高交互问题表征降低了工作记忆资源损耗对心算结果的影响,且问题表征交互性在相对较复杂的算术中作用会更大,数学焦虑是影响心算加工的重要因素.Using the mental arithmetic and articulation dual-task paradigm of Vall e-Tourangeau et al.,the subjects were asked to add mental arithmetic on the interactivity of different problem representations while articulating continuously,to explore the effects of the interactivity of different problem representations on working memory resource wastage and math anxiety in different calculation lengths.The results showed that under short computing conditions,the interactivity of different problem representations had a significant impact on the accuracy and calculation deviation,but had no significant impact on the calculation time and efficiency;that under long computing conditions,the interactivity of different problem representations had a significant impact on the accuracy,calculation deviation,calculation time and efficiency;and that under the condition of long computation and low interaction problem representation,there was a significant positive correlation between math anxiety and calculation deviation,and the higher the degree of math anxiety,the greater the calculation deviation.In conclusion,high interaction problem representation reduces the impact of working memory resource wastage on mental arithmetic results,the interactivity of problem representation plays a greater role in relatively complex arithmetic,and math anxiety is an important factor affecting mental arithmetic processing.

关 键 词：心算 工作记忆 交互性 发音抑制 认知负荷理论 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]