新冠肺炎疫情下企业员工的心理恐惧与复原机制  

Psychological Fears and Resilience Mechanism of Enterprise Employees in COVID-19

作　　者：杨洋[1] 谢国强 邹明阳 李仲秋 苏莹莹 YANG Yang;XIE Guoqiang;ZOU Mingyang;LI Zhongqiu;SU Yingying(School of Management,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China;College of Economics and Management,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学经济与管理学院,哈尔滨150001 [2]东北农业大学经济管理学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《管理科学》2020年第4期107-118,共12页Journal of Management Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(71972062,71872058)。

摘　　要：新冠肺炎疫情给企业的经营和员工心理造成了很大影响,如何稳定员工的心理状态成为企业复工复产面临的一道难题。疫情下员工面临职业不确定性和健康安全威胁的双重恐惧,其形式更复杂、影响范围更大、动态性更强,仅依靠企业自身力量难以应对,需要政府的宏观调控。为揭示政府主导下的企业员工心理复原机制,采用扎根理论的研究方法,选择中国大陆31个省、市自治区和直辖市政府办公厅在疫情期间发布的政府文件为材料,针对6家不同企业进行半结构化访谈,通过对初始材料进行质性分析,归纳出政府和企业为实现员工心理复原采取的措施,并构建政府主导下企业员工的心理复原模型。研究结果表明,政府通过结构干预和直接干预两种方式支持企业开展员工的心理复原工作,缓解内外部环境因素给员工带来的心理恐惧;员工心理恐惧的减轻和职业复原力的提升需要考虑多种"趋动"和"避疫"因素。构建的双重"趋动-避疫"模型能够协调企业复工与员工心理恐惧的矛盾,实现员工动态复原的同时推动企业复工。研究结果丰富了重大突发公共卫生事件下企业员工心理恐惧的相关研究,突出了政府在员工职业复原力方面的重要作用,为企业员工的心理复原提供了借鉴,构建的双重"趋动-避疫"模型为政府和企业解决员工心理恐惧问题提供了策略参考。COVID-19 epidemic has brought an unprecedented impact on the operation of business and employees’psychology.How to stabilize the psychological state of employees has become a difficult problem for enterprises to resume work and production.The dual fears of occupational uncertainty and health threats faced by employees in COVID-19 epidemic have the characteristics of more complicated form,larger influence range and more dynamic.It is difficult for enterprises to deal with this dilemma on their own,and government macro-control policies are needed.In order to reveal the psychological resilience model of enterprise employees under the guidance of the government,this study adopted the method of grounded theory.After reviewing the relevant research,this study selected the government documents issued by general offices of 31 provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities of China directly during the epidemic period as analytical materials.Meanwhile,six different enterprises were interviewed in semi-structured way.And then,through qualitative analysis of the initial materials,the measures taken by the governments and enterprises to achieve the psychological resilience of employees were summarized.The psychological resilience model of employees under the leadership of the government was constructed.The study shows that the government supports enterprises to achieve recovery of dual psychological fears of employees through carrying out both structural interventions and direct interventions on employees,simultaneously alleviating the psychological fears of employees brought by internal and external environmental factors.In order to alleviate of employees’psychological fears and enhance occupational resilience,there is need to consider different"approaches"and"avoidance"factors.The dual"approach-avoidance"model can coordinate the contradictions between the resumption of work and the psychological fears of employees.It can also promote the resumption of work and production while realizing the dynamic recovery of employee

关 键 词：新冠肺炎疫情 政策支持 员工心理恐惧 复原力 扎根理论 

分 类 号：F272[经济管理—企业管理]