美国高校教师薪酬知多少——基于AAUP统计数据的经验研究  

What Much Is the Compensation of American University Teachers——An Empirical Research Based on AAUP Statistical Data

作　　者：胡咏梅 王亚男 周坚中 HU Yongmei;WANG Yanan;ZHOU Jianzhong(Faculty of Education/Capital Institute for Economics of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Library Instruction Department,California State University-Sacramento,California 95819,U.S.A.)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部/首都教育经济研究基地,北京100875 [2]美国加州州立萨克拉门托大学图书信息系,美国95819

出　　处：《湖南师范大学教育科学学报》2020年第6期107-117,共11页Journal of Educational Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：北京市社科基金研究基地重点项目“‘双一流’建设背景下北京高校教师薪酬改革与激励机制研究”[18JDJYA003]。

摘　　要：美国世界一流高校众多,与其提供富有竞争力的薪酬吸引各国知识精英有关。通过对美国大学教授协会(AAUP)发布的2008—2018年各年度的高校教师薪酬报告数据的描述统计,发现美国高校教师薪酬体系具有如下特征:2008—2018年间美国高校教师薪酬水平呈增长态势,且福利薪酬水平相比教师工资增速更大;高校教师的平均总薪酬、平均工资随着高校层级的升高而递增,具有博士学位项目的高校平均总薪酬、平均工资最高,具有硕士、本科学位项目的高校次之,专科类高校最低;几乎在2008—2018年的各年度,美国私立高校教师的平均总薪酬、平均工资最高,公立高校次之,教会性质高校最低;无论哪个层级或哪种属性高校,薪酬水平随着职称等级升高而增高,即教授薪酬水平最高,其次依次是副教授、助理教授、科研助理,讲师的薪酬水平最低。由美国高校教师薪酬变化特征获得改进我国高校教师薪酬制度的四点启示:一是建立我国高校教师薪酬水平稳定增长的长效机制,不断提高货币化福利保障水平;二是“双一流”建设高校教师薪酬水平要高于非“双一流”高校,而且在两类高校中相同职称教师的薪酬水平也要保持一定差距,从而使得“双一流”高校对具有较高人力资本的教师有吸引力;三是我国民办高校需要提供更具竞争力的薪酬,才有可能吸引到高水平的人才加入教师队伍,提升其大学排名;四是建立以人力资本水平为主要薪酬决定因素的薪酬体系,不同职称教师的薪酬差距保持合理水平,越高层级高校高级职称间的薪酬差距越大,以体现不同层级高校高级职称教师人力资本水平的差异。There are many world-class universities in the United States,which offer competitive compensation to attract the intellectual elites from various countries.American Association of University Professors(AAUP)publishes an annual compensation report based on 380000 faculty members from over 900 universities in all 50 states.Through the descriptive statistical analysis of AAUP annual data from 2008 to 2018,we find that the compensation changes of university teachers in the United States have the following characteristics:From 2008 to 2018,the compensation level of university teachers in the United States is increasing,and the growth rate of welfare salary is higher than that of teachers’salary.The average compensation and average salary of university teachers increase with the rise of university level.The average compensation and the average salary of Class I university with doctoral degree programs are the highest,followed by Class II University with master’s degree programs and undergraduate degree programs,and the lowest are in specialty Class III universities.In almost each year from 2008 to 2018,the average compensation and average salary of teachers in private colleges and universities in the United States are the highest,followed by public colleges and universities,and the lowest in missionary universities.No matter the level or type of universities,the compensation level increases with the increase of professional title,that is the compensation level for full professors is the highest,followed by associate professors,assistant professors,instructors and lecturers.Based on the characteristics of the compensation changes of university teachers in the United States,four enlightenments are obtained to improve the salary system of university teachers in China:First,to establish a long-term mechanism for the steady growth of teachers’salary in China,and to continuously improve the level of monetized welfare for teachers;Second,to increase the overall salary level of teachers in"Double First-class"universities

关 键 词：美国高校 教师薪酬 教师工资 货币化福利 美国大学教授协会(AAUP) 

分 类 号：G515.1[文化科学—教育学]