高速列车齿轮箱载荷识别方法研究  

Load Identification Method for High-speed Train Gearbox

作　　者：胡伟钢[1,2] 刘志明 李强[1] 刘文飞[1] HU Weigang;LIU Zhiming;LI Qiang;LIU Wenfei(School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044,China;Beijing Aerospace Measure & Control Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100041, China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学机械与电子控制工程学院,北京100044 [2]北京航天测控技术有限公司,北京100041

出　　处：《铁道学报》2020年第12期50-57,共8页Journal of the China Railway Society

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFB1200403,2016YFB1200501,2017YFB1200700)。

摘　　要：作为列车传动系统的重要部件之一,齿轮箱主要传递由电机提供给轮对的列车牵引力。通过分析齿轮箱受力特点和C型支架线路激励条件下结构的振动响应特征,阐明了通过测试C型支架垂向载荷的方法,实现对齿轮箱载荷测试的可行性。为了消除在实际应变片测试过程中准静态载荷测试易受零点漂移的影响,提出双应变片测试法,通过选择合适的应变片测点位置,标定测力C型支架传感器,实现对非平稳信号特征的齿轮箱载荷识别。比较根据趋势载荷等效的扭矩幅值与齿轮箱输出的扭矩载荷幅值,验证了本文提出的列车齿轮箱载荷测试方法的准确性。将测试载荷分解为趋势载荷和振动载荷,结果表明,振动载荷极值发生在正线高速运行阶段,趋势载荷极值发生在出站加速运行阶段,趋势载荷谱的出站加速牵引载荷幅值大于进站减速制动载荷幅值,载荷频次小于制动载荷频次,振动载荷主频在(34±8)Hz内,振动载荷谱服从威布尔分布。As one of the most important parts of train transmission system,gearbox mainly transmits the traction force of the train provided by the motor to the wheelset.This paper analyzed the mechanical characteristics of the gearbox and the vibration response characteristics under the C-shaped bracket line excitation conditions.The feasibility of the load test of the gearbox was achieved by testing the vertical load of the C-shaped bracket.In order to eliminate the influence of zero drift on the quasi-static load test during the actual strain gauge test,this paper proposed a double strain gauge test method.By selecting the appropriate strain gauge measurement point position and calibrating the C-shaped bracket force measuring sensor,the gearbox load identification for nonstationary signal characteristics was achieved.The accuracy of the proposed train gearbox load test method was verified by comparing the trend load equivalent torque amplitude with the torque load amplitude output by the gearbox.The test load was decomposed into trend load and vibration load.The results show that the extreme value of vibration load occurs in the high-speed operation of the main track,and the extreme value of trend load occurs in the outbound acceleration operation.The outbound acceleration traction load amplitude of the trend load spectrum is greater than the inbound deceleration braking load amplitude,with the load frequency being less than the braking load frequency.The main frequency of the vibration load is in the range of(34±8)Hz,with the vibration load spectrum subject to the Weibull distribution.

关 键 词：齿轮箱 载荷识别 双应变片法 载荷谱 

分 类 号：U270.1[机械工程—车辆工程]