教学的文化实践属性:教学要素的视角  

Recognizing the Attributes of Teaching as Cultural Practice from thePerspective of Teaching Elements

作　　者：程良宏[1] 赵建梅[1] CHENG Lianghong;ZHAO Jianmei(School of Education Science,Xinjiang Normal University,Urumqi 830017)

机构地区：[1]新疆师范大学教育科学学院,乌鲁木齐830017

出　　处：《南京师大学报（社会科学版）》2021年第1期47-57,共11页Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划项目“全面提升新疆民族教育质量的对策研究”(XJEDU2017Z004)的研究成果。

摘　　要：从教学活动的内在结构要素入手,考察教学要素的文化特质对教学作为文化实践的规约,是认识教学的文化实践属性的一种基本路向。教师、学生和课程知识是教学活动实施运行的三个基本要素,分析体认这三个要素的文化特质及其对教学实践活动的属性规约,是理解体认教学具有文化实践属性的内在理据。教师作为教学活动的组织者,其对教学的理解与行动受其因家庭和地域来源而形成的个体文化差异以及作为成年人的群体文化特质的影响。学生作为教学活动的行动参与者,其对教学的理解与行动选择也受其因家庭和地域来源而产生的个体文化差异特质以及作为未成年的群体文化特质的制约。作为教学活动直接目的指向的课程知识,是人对世界认识的文化结晶,知识的产生及其向课程知识的转化过程亦是文化筛选的过程与行动,以其为内容的教学势必受到课程知识文化性的影响。Exploring how the cultural attribute of each teaching element influences teaching from the perspective of the internal structural elements of teaching activities is a basic way to understand the attribute of teaching as a cultural practice.Teachers,students and curriculum knowledge are the three basic elements in the implementation of teaching activities,so analyzing and recognizing the cultural attributes of these three elements and the restrictions they place on the teaching practice can justify regarding teaching as a cultural practice.As organizers of teaching activities,teachers are influenced in their understanding and action of teaching by their individual cultural differences caused by their family background,regional origin and cultural characteristics shown by adults collectively;as participants of teaching activities,students are influenced in their understanding and action choices of teaching by their individual cultural differences shaped by their family background,regional origin and cultural characteristics shown by minors collectively.Curriculum knowledge,as the direct goal of teaching activities,is the cultural crystallization of people's understanding of the world.In fact,the production of knowledge and its transformation into curriculum knowledge is also the process of cultural selection,and thus teaching itself is inevitably influenced by the cultural nature of curriculum knowledge.

关 键 词：教学属性 文化实践 教学要素 

分 类 号：G420[文化科学—课程与教学论]