利用沼渣栽培黑木耳  

Cultivation of Auricularia heimuer by Biogas Residue

作　　者：马银鹏[1] 戴肖东[1] 张丕奇[1] 王玉文[1] 张介驰[1] 冯丽荣 汤华京 于德水[1] MA Yinpeng;DAI Xiaodong;ZHANG Piqi;WANG Yuwen;ZHANG Jiechi;FENG Lirong;TANG Huajing;YU Deshui(Institute of Microbiology,Heilongijiang Academy of Sciences,Harbin 150010,Heilongjiang,China;Heilongjiang Guohong Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Co.,Ltd.,Qiqihaer 161000,Heilongjiang,China;Heilongjiang Ruiyuan Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Qiqihaer 161000,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省科学院微生物研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150010 [2]黑龙江国宏节能环保有限公司,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161000 [3]黑龙江瑞源生物科技有限公司,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161000

出　　处：《食用菌学报》2021年第1期55-60,共6页Acta Edulis Fungi

基　　金：黑龙江省应用技术研究与开发计划(GA19B202);黑龙江省科学院预研项目(YY2020SW02);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-20)。

摘　　要：为探讨沼渣栽培黑木耳(Auricularia heimuer)的可行性,比较分析了沼渣、杂木屑、秸秆的物理性质、营养成分、重金属含量,通过在PDA培养基中分别添加质量分数为0、1.25%、2.50%和5.00%的沼渣培养菌丝体,测定菌丝生长速度;再以不添加沼渣的配方为对照组,分别以添加8%、16%、24%、32%沼渣替代杂木屑为实验组栽培黑木耳,计算菌丝生长速度和出芽率,统计单袋产量,采用感观评价法评价子实体质量,并测定子实体中Pb、Cd、Hg、As的含量。结果表明:沼渣和杂木屑的粒径大小和总孔隙度大致相同,但是在pH、电导率、含水量、容重、大孔隙度、小孔隙度和吸水力方面,二者之间的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);沼渣中重金属含量较高,其中Pb含量分别为杂木屑和秸秆的3.39倍和1.60倍,但是重金属含量均未超过标准要求;在PDA培养基中添加沼渣后黑木耳的菌丝生长速度均比对照组快,添加2.50%沼渣后菌丝生长速度最快,为(0.55±0.02)cm·d^-1;培养料中添加8%和16%沼渣的配方的黑木耳出芽率、单袋产量和感官评价得分与对照组相比组间差异没有统计学意义,可用于栽培黑木耳。因此,利用沼渣部分替代杂木屑栽培黑木耳是可行的。In order to explore the feasibility of cultivating Auricularia heimuer by biogas residue,different cultivation materials including biogas residues,sawdust,and straw were analyzed for their physical properties,nutrient composition and heavy metal contents.Biogas residue was first added into the PDA medium at different mass fractions(0%,1.25%,2.5%and 5.0%)to measure mycelial growth rate.Then biogas residue was added in replacement of sawdust in the cultivation substrate at different weight proportions(0,8%,16%,24%and 32%)to measure mycelial growth rate,germination rate,yield per bag,sensory evaluation score,and contents of Pb,Cd,Hg,and As in resultant fruiting bodies.The results showed that the distribution of particle size and total porosity of biogas residue were the same as those of sawdust.However,there were significant differences(P<0.05)between the two materials in water content,unit weight,pH,Ec,porosity and water absorption.Biogas residue contained higher contents of heavy metals than sawdust and straw.For example,the Pb content in biogas residue was 3.39 and 1.60 times of that in sawdust and straw,respectively.Regardless of higher heavy metal contents than sawdust and straw,the heavy metal contents in biogas residue did not exceed the standard.Addition of biogas residue into the PDA medium resulted in higher mycelial growth rate and the mycelial growth rate of the 2.5%biogas residue group was the greatest,reaching(0.55±0.02)cm·d-1.Addition of biogas in replacement of sawdust at 8%and 16%weight proportion resulted in the same germination rate,yield per bag and sensory evaluation score as the control(P>0.05),suggesting biogas residue can be used partially in replacement of sawdust to cultivate A.heimuer.

关 键 词：黑木耳 沼渣 物理性质 栽培 

分 类 号：S646.6[农业科学—蔬菜学]