黄芩等中药提取复配物对猕猴桃果实耐贮性的影响  

Effect of storability on compounds extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis and other traditional Chinese herbs in kiwifruit

作　　者：石浩[1,2] 王仁才 庞立[1] 王琰[1] 卜范文 何小娥[2] SHI Hao;WANG Rencai;PANG Li;WANG Yan;BU Fanwen;HE Xiao’e(College of Horticulture,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,Hunan,China;College of Agriculture and Forestry Science,Hunan Applied Technology University,Changde 415100,Hunan,China;Hunan Institute of Horticulture,Changsha 410125,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学园艺学院,长沙410128 [2]湖南应用技术学院农林科技学院,湖南常德415100 [3]湖南省园艺研究所,长沙410125

出　　处：《果树学报》2021年第2期250-263,共14页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：湖南省科技厅重点研发计划(2017NK2071、2018NK2013);湖南省教育厅项目(19C1353)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨中药提取物处理对猕猴桃果实耐贮性的效果,为其绿色采后保鲜技术的提出提供理论基础。【方法】以'红阳'猕猴桃果实为试材,采用0.8 mg·mL^-1中药提取物分别处理好果和病果,实验共分为4组,分别为药剂处理组、对照组、菌+药剂处理组和菌处理组。贮藏在(4±1)℃冷库中,每10 d测定1次相关指标。【结果】两类果实经提取物处理均可(1)延缓果实软化、降低果实失重率、提高果实好果率,如贮藏80 d时,4组好果率分别为86%、65%、70%、6%。(2)延缓果实维生素C、可滴定酸含量的降低以及还原糖、可溶性固形物、可溶性果胶、可溶性淀粉、可溶性蛋白及氨基酸在贮藏前期的增加,例如在贮藏10 d时,4组维生素C含量分别为233.71、204、175.19、130.62 mg·100 g^-1。(3)提高氧自由基清除酶SOD酶、CAT酶和POD酶的活性,抑制或降低淀粉酶、果胶酶和纤维素酶的活性。(4)延缓呼吸和乙烯最大强度出现时间,以及降低其呼吸、乙烯释放量,例如菌处理组果实在贮藏20 d时乙烯释放量达到峰值(2 440.36nmol·kg^-1·h^-1),而其余3组在第30天时才达到峰值,此时药剂处理组最低,仅为1 939.61 nmol·kg^-1·h^-1。采用转录组分析,各组果实代谢通路的转录水平与所测定理化指标基本一致。采用主成分分析法分析猕猴桃耐贮性,主成分分析结果的变化规律与测定结果的变化规律一致,每个处理均得到2个主成分,主成分1贡献率为55%左右,主要体现果实体内一系列生化指标,总体上呈现"高到低"的变化趋势;主成分2贡献率为40%左右,主要体现在果实体内个别生化指标出现"低-高-低"的变化趋势。【结论】菌处理组果实耐贮性效果最差,对照和菌+药剂处理组果实耐贮性效果一般,药剂处理组果实耐贮性最佳,中药提取物有利于提高果实的耐贮性,是一种较好的植物源防腐保鲜剂。【Objective】Kiwifruit is tender and juicy,fresh and delicious,as well as sweet and sour.At the same time,it is loved by people because of its unique nutritional,high health care,certain medicinal and high economic values.However,it is easy to be infected by soft rot pathogens in the process of storage and transportation.At the same time,kiwifruit is a kind of respiratory climacteric fruit.In addition,kiwifruit picking season is very hot,which will easily lead to fruit softening and deterioration,seriously affecting the quality and shelf life,so that the storage capacity is very important for the development of the industry.Plant-sourced preservative has characteristics of no pollution,no residue and good preservative effect.The treatment of kiwifruit with plant extract can provide reference for improving development of its scientific and reasonable storage technology in the future,so as to provide theoretical basis for the green postharvest preservation technology.【Methods】The extract of Chinese medicine(Scutellaria baicalensis,clove,cinnamon,Gleditsia,patchouli,Acorus calamus and Camellia seed meal at the ratio of 1.375∶1.125∶0.450∶0.500∶1.350∶1.250∶2.800)was used as the agent,and the kiwifruit was used as the sample fruit.The treatments were divided into four groups:A-good fruit+medicine group(treated with 0.8 mg·mL^-1 Chinese medicine mixed extract),B-good fruit group,C-sick fruit+medicine group,D-sick fruit group(inoculated with mixed spores of Diaporthe+Botryosphaeria dothidea/1-5×10^5 CFU·mL^-1),they were stored in a cold storage at(4±1)℃,and the relevant indexes were measured every 10 days.Indicators include good fruit rate,weight loss rate,core color,hardness,firmness,acid,vitamin C content,sugar content,respiratory intensity,starch content,pectin content,protein content,amino acid content,catalase activity,peroxidase activity,amylase activity,pectinase activity,peroxidase activity,cellulase activity,ethylene content,and each index was determined for three or more times.At the sam

关 键 词：猕猴桃果实 中药 提取物 耐贮性 贮藏效果 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S663.4[农业科学—果树学]