教师流动:城乡失衡与学校类型差异  

Teacher Mobility:The Imbalance Between Urban and Rural Areas and the Difference in School Types

作　　者：常亚慧[1] CHANG Yahui(School of Education,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710062)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学教育学院,西安710062

出　　处：《南京师大学报（社会科学版）》2021年第2期38-48,共11页Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：全国教育科学规划一般项目“乡村学校建设与基层社会文化治理研究”(BBA150016)的研究成果。

摘　　要：师资力量是彰显学校竞争力的关键因素,优质的师资结构更是一所学校良性运行的有力保障。国家分配、公开招聘和人才引进是当前中小学师资的主要来源方式,后两种方式更是城市学校与城镇优质学校师资来源的主体。优质学校通过引入高学历、强能力、偏男性的中青年优秀教师,不断重组师资结构、重构学校资源、重塑学校声誉;薄弱学校和乡村学校则因结构性资源不足,面临着优秀师资不断外流的窘境。叠加的不利处境造成城乡师资的结构性断裂和总体布局失衡,更制约乡村教育的振兴与纵深发展。因此,保持学校师资结构的均衡性与合理性是我国教育事业均衡发展的关键,也是实现新时代教育公平的必由之路。The quality of teachers is a key factor in demonstrating the competitiveness of a school,and a well-structured team of high-quality teachers is a strong guarantee for the sound operation of a school.The current recruitment of primary and secondary school teachers mainly depends on three sources:state appointment,open recruitment,and targeted recruitment of excellent teachers.The latter two are the main methods of recruiting teachers for urban schools and high-quality schools in cities and towns.High-quality schools reorganize the structure of their teaching teams,reconstruct school resources,and reshape the reputation of the school by recruiting outstanding young and middle-aged teachers with high academic qualifications and strong abilities and giving preference to male candidates.Weak schools and rural schools are facing the dilemma of the outflow of excellent teachers due to insufficient structural resources.The superimposed disadvantages have caused the structural fracture and unbalanced distribution of overall teacher resources,which restricts the current revitalization and underlying development of rural education.Therefore,maintaining the balanced and rational structure of the teaching team in schools is the key to a balanced development of education in our country,and it is also the only way to achieve educational equity in the new era.

关 键 词：中小学 教师流动 优质学校 薄弱学校 教育社会学 

分 类 号：G635.1[文化科学—教育学]