教育公平对省域经济增长的影响研究  

The Impact of Education Equity on Provincial Economic Growth

作　　者：王家齐 闵维方[1] Jiaqi Wang;Weifang Min(Graduate School of Education,Peking University,Beijing 100871)

机构地区：[1]北京大学教育学院,北京100871

出　　处：《教育与经济》2021年第1期19-28,共10页Education & Economy

基　　金：教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“经济新常态背景下的教育与经济增长”(项目编号:16JJD880004)。

摘　　要：本文使用地级市人均财政性教育支出构建省级教育基尼系数衡量教育横向公平,基于双向固定效应模型探究教育公平对省域经济增长的影响,并分别以夜间灯光亮度和性别间教育差异作为经济发展水平和教育公平的代理变量进行稳健性检验。研究发现:教育公平程度和省域经济发展水平呈倒U型关系,以地区生产总值为因变量的回归结果显示,当教育基尼系数为0.236时,教育公平程度对省域经济发展最为有利;以夜间灯光亮度为因变量的模型,教育基尼系数的最优值为0.288。研究还显示,教育公平对省域经济发展水平的影响存在滞后效应。基于此,各省政府应统筹安排地区间教育财政投入,优化教育资源配置。对于地市间教育投入差异较大的省份,应通过转移支付、政策支持等方式缩小地区间的教育财政投入差异。This paper uses prefectural level per capita education expenditure to construct the education Gini coefficient at the provincial level,which is used to measure the horizontal equity of education.Based on the two-way fixed effect model and robustness tests,the relationship between horizontal equity of education and provincial economic growth is explored.The regression results show that there is an inverted U pattern relation between educational inequality and provincial economic growth.When Gini coefficient of education is 0.236 and 0.288 for regional GDP and night light brightness as dependent variables respectively,the level of horizontal equity of education is the most favorable to provincial economic growth.It also shows that the influence of educational equity on provincial economic growth has a lag effect.These findings suggest that the provincial governments should make overall arrangements for the public investment in education among regions,and rationalize resource allocation in education.For provinces with large differences in education investment among prefectures,intergovernmental transfers should be introduced to reduce the regional disparities.

关 键 词：教育公平 经济增长 教育基尼系数 夜间灯光数据 

分 类 号：F08[经济管理—政治经济学] G40-054[文化科学—教育学原理]