美国中小学汉语沉浸式教学面临的问题与解决方案  

Problems and Solutions of Immersion Teaching of Chinese in American Primary and Secondary Schools

作　　者：吴应辉 刘丹丹 WU Ying-hui;LIU Dan-dan(Research Institute of International Chinese Language Education,Beijing Language And Culture University,Beijing 100083;College of International Education,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学汉语国际教育研究院,北京100083 [2]中央民族大学国际教育学院,北京100081

出　　处：《民族教育研究》2020年第6期113-118,共6页Journal of Research on Education for Ethnic Minorities

基　　金：2017年国家社科重大招标项目“汉语国际传播动态数据库建设及发展监测研究”(项目编号:17ZDA306)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：汉语沉浸式教学是一种教学效果突出的双语教学模式,美国采用该教学模式的中小学数量呈快速增长趋势。本文阐述了美国中小学汉语沉浸式教学模式的发展现状,探讨了该模式面临的困境。研究发现,美国汉语沉浸式教学存在四个问题,即师资力量跟不上项目发展速度、与沉浸式教学匹配的教材短缺、教学模式尚未成熟、标准建设较为薄弱。基于对上述问题的探究,提出切实可行的解决方案:师资方面,培养"双语双文化"多科目综合型师资,组建与美国汉语沉浸式教学模式高度匹配的专门师资队伍;教材方面,创建中外合作"四位一体"的编写团队并分阶段编写教材,以体现"低、中、高"不同阶段教学特点;教学模式方面,隐性教学与显性教学紧密结合,努力实现教学效率的最大化;标准方面,完善课程、测试及评估三大标准建设,以助推汉语沉浸式教学良好发展。Immersion teaching in Chinese is a bilingual teaching mode with outstanding teaching effect,which has been rapidly adopted in primary and secondary schools in the US.This paper explains the present situation of Chinese immersion teaching mode in primary and secondary schools in the US,and explores into the predicament of this mode.It is found that there are four problems in Chinese immersion teaching in the US,which are listed as follows:teachers resource cannot catch up with the speed of project development,lack of teaching materials suitable for immersion teaching,immature teaching mode and weak standard construction.To address these problems,the article proposes following practical solutions:in terms of teachers,training"bilingual bicultural"multi-subject comprehensive teachers,setting up professional teachers to meet with the Chinese immersion teaching model in the US;in terms of teaching materials,creating a"fourin-one"team with writing in stages so as to reflect the characteristics of teaching in different stages;in terms of teaching mode,closely combining recessive teaching and explicit teaching to maximize teaching efficiency;in terms of standards,improving the three standards construction in curriculum,testing and evaluation so as to promote the good development of Chinese immersion teaching.

关 键 词：美国 沉浸式 教学模式 汉语师资 教学资源 

分 类 号：G752[文化科学—教育学] H19[语言文字—汉语]