添加剂对不同茬次混播苜蓿青贮营养品质和发酵特性的影响  

Effects of different cutting frequency and additives on silagequality and fermentation characteristics of mixed alfalfa

作　　者：秦伟娜 焦婷[1] 雷赵民[2] 李飞[3] 冉福 李雄雄 高雪梅 赵生国[2] QIN Weina;JIAO Ting;LEI Zhaomin;LI Fei;RAN Fu;LI Xiongxiong;GAO Xuemei;ZHAO Shengguo(Major in Pratacultural Science of Gansu Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Grass Ecosystem,Ministry of Education/Sino–US Grassland Animal Husbandry Sustainable Development Research Center,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou 730070,Gansu China;College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730030,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院/草业生态系统教育部重点实验室/中–美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院,甘肃兰州730070 [3]兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《草业科学》2021年第2期239-250,共12页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：甘肃农业大学科技创新基金(GSAU-QDFC-2018-04);甘肃省现代草食畜产业技术体系(GARS-CS-4);现代农业产业技术体系(GARS-40-09B);甘肃农业大学大学生科研训练计划(SRTP20180214);农业农村部农牧交错带优质青粗饲料资源开发利用技术集成示范项目(16200157)。

摘　　要：本研究旨在探索不同添加剂对不同茬次混播苜蓿(Medicago sativa)青贮品质的影响。以不同茬次(第1茬、第2茬、第3茬)的混播苜蓿(金皇后꞉3010=4꞉1)为材料,刈割后用Sila-Max(宜生贮宝)、Sila-Mix(宜生贮康)、亚芯生物、百奥民、台湾鲜得利5种添加剂进行桶装青贮,以不添加任何添加剂为对照(CK),青贮发酵60 d后进行实验室评定。结果表明:随着茬次的递增,青贮苜蓿粗蛋白(crude protein,CP)、乳酸(lactic acid,LA)及乙酸(acetic acid,AA)含量均呈先上升后下降的趋势,pH和干物质(dry matter,DM)含量呈上升趋势,酸性洗涤纤维(acid detergent fiber,ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(neutral detergent fiber,NDF)以及粗灰分(crude ash,Ash)含量第3茬最低(P>0.05),而水溶性碳水化合物(water soluble carbohydrates,WSC)和单糖(monosaccharide,ESC)含量在第3茬显著高于其他茬次(P<0.05)。添加剂对混播苜蓿青贮品质有显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)影响。其中,添加亚芯生物提高了第1茬青贮苜蓿的CP、WSC、磷(P)和钾(K)含量,分别比对照提高了1.00%、32.94%、2.44%和0.99%,LA和AA含量也均有所提高;百奥明处理下第3茬青贮苜蓿的CP、可溶性蛋白/总蛋白(soluble protein/total protein,SP/CP)和WSC含量分别较CK提高了1.37%、6.39%和10.72%;台湾鲜得利处理下中性洗涤不溶蛋白(neutral detergent insoluble protein,NDIP)和酸性洗涤不溶蛋白(acid detergent insoluble protein,ADIP)含量有所增加,与其他处理差异显著(P<0.05)。灰色关联度分析结果表明,第2茬次的苜蓿青贮品质相对较好,且所有添加剂中亚芯生物处理的苜蓿青贮品质最好,可在生产实践中推广使用。The purpose of the experiment was to explore the effects of different additives and cutting frequencies on the silage quality of mixed alfalfa.The two alfalfa varieties,‘Golden queen’and‘3010’,mixed in the proportion of 4꞉1 cutting at different times were used as experimental materials,and five different additives‘Sila-Max,Sila-Mix,Yaxin-Bio,Baiaomin,Taiwan Xiandeli’were selected for use in a barrel silage test.Silage made without additives was used as the control(CK).After 60 days,the silage barrels were opened for laboratory evaluation.The results showed that as cutting times increased,the content of silage pH and dry matter(DM)also increased(P<0.05).Crude protein,lactic acid(LA),and acetic acid(AA)increased at first but then decreased with increased cutting time.The content of acid detergent fiber(ADF),neutral detergent fiber(NDF),and crude ash(Ash)were lowest and water soluble carbohydrates(WSC)and monosaccharides(ESC)highest at the third cutting.Additives also had very significant effects on the contents of soluble protein as a proportion of total protein(SP/CP),DM,ESC(P<0.01),and other indexes(P<0.05).The CP,WSC,P,and K contents of the first cutting increased by 1.00%,32.94%,2.44%,and 0.99%,respectively,compared to CK,and the LA and AA contents of each cutting were higher than that of any other additives treated with Yaxin-Bio.The CP,SP/CP,and WSC contents of the third cutting increased by 1.37%,6.39%,and 10.72%,respectively,compared to CK under the treatment of Baiaomin,which also had certain promoting effects on CP,SP/CP,and WSC.Taiwan Xiandeli promoted the increase of neutral detergent insoluble protein(NDIP)and acid detergent insoluble protein(ADIP)(P<0.05),while Sila-Max and Sila-Mix had no obvious effects on nutrient quality(P>0.05).In total,according to gray correlation analysis,the quality of MIXed alfalfa silage at the second cutting showed the highest quality,especially when treated with Yaxin-Bio,which could be used in the production practice of alfalfa silage.

关 键 词：苜蓿 青贮添加剂 营养品质 发酵特性 刈割茬次 灰色关联度分析 

分 类 号：S816.53[农业科学—饲料科学]