论庄子的修辞哲学--从庄子的“三言”说开去  

On Zhuangzi's Philosophy of Rhetoric

作　　者：邓晓芒[1] Deng Xiaomang

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学哲学学院,武汉430074

出　　处：《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第2期32-42,共11页Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition

摘　　要：庄子的“寓言、重言、卮言”三言中,“卮言”是其他言说的根本。“卮言”的实质是打破一切语言的世俗束缚,以“无厘头”的方式展示自然的“天倪”。由此而涉及庄子的修辞方式。这种修辞方式不同于西方传统“修辞立其真”的技术实用主义,也不同于中国传统儒家“修辞立其诚”的政治实用主义,而是通过自然情感与“天倪”“天均”共舞,即“修辞立其情”,其本质是“修辞立其性”。它作为一种带有形而上层次的语言哲学,体现着比儒家更为诚信的道家式的“修辞立其诚”。若能进一步对人性之诚加以反思,使之不再作为一种可以依赖的人心底线,而是暴露出其伪善和欺骗的无限可能性,从而展开为一个向内自我批判的历程,就有可能据此建立起一门融合中西而又具有中国特色的修辞哲学。Among the“parabolical words,quoted words,flowing words”,the so called three modes of expression of Zhuangzi,“flowing words”is the very hypostatic and fundamental one.The essence of“flowing words”is to remove all the limits and obstacles in language and demonstrate the“way of nature”in a fanciful and free style.The rhetoric of Zhuangzi,which can be properly called“rhetoric of affection”,focuses on resonating authentic affection with“way of nature”and“harmony of nature”.It is quite different from the western“rhetoric of pursuing truth”(technical pragmaticism)and the traditional Chinese Confucian“rhetoric of pursuing authenticity”(political pragmaticism).As a philosophy of language embedded with metaphysical inspirations,Zhuangzi's rhetoric,which surprisingly takes authenticity more seriously than Confucianism,constitutes itself as a Taoist“rhetoric of pursuing authenticity”.It is highly possible to establish a philosophy of rhetoric which combines Chinese and western philosophical resources and still exhibits typical Chinese characteristics,if we can reflect on the authenticity of human nature thoroughly and expose its infinite possibility to hypocrisy and deception,rather than accept it as a reliable bottom line of morality.

关 键 词：三言 卮言 庄子 天倪 修辞立其诚 修辞哲学 

分 类 号：B223.5[哲学宗教—中国哲学]