《聋文化宣言》的诞生及其教育实践的张力  

The Birth of“Manifesto of the Deaf Community”and its Tension for Educational Practice

作　　者：贺晓星[1,2] HE Xiaoxing

机构地区：[1]南京大学社会学院 [2]中国教育学会教育学分会教育社会学学术委员会

出　　处：《现代教育论丛》2021年第2期2-16,共15页Modern Education Review

摘　　要：《聋文化宣言》的发表,是日本特殊教育史上划时代的一件大事,它旗帜鲜明地提出了一个极具震撼力的观点:聋并非残疾,而是文化。承认聋人的文化身份和给予聋人手语以语言的地位,是《聋文化宣言》倡导的基本理念。基于这一理念,日本的聋教育,在实践层面也呈现了鲜活的教学案例,其目的是在差异性的意义上来标榜聋人的存在价值,思考对听人世界的“融入”,探索聋与听两个世界共生共存的可能。本文指出,共生共存的可能,首先应该建立在听人是否能够真正抛弃掉聋就等于残疾之固有观念之上。虽然围绕着《聋文化宣言》存在着不同的声音甚至是教育思想及实践两个层面的冲突和紧张,但“聋文化”思想的生产和传播,切实让人注意到了聋人自己的语言——“日本手语”的魅力与现实意义。只有让更多的听人在观念与实践上认识到聋是残疾乃为一种社会建构,并形成一股强大的社会改革力量,共生共存才会真正成为可能。The publication of the“Manifesto of the Deaf Community”is an epochal event in the history of special education in Japan.It clearly states a powerful viewpoint:Deafness is not a disability,but a culture.The basic concepts advocated by the“Manifesto of the Deaf Community”are recognizing the cultural identity of the deaf and endowing the Sign Language the status as a true language.Based on this concept,Japanese deaf education also provides vivid teaching cases at the practical level,which are designed to advertise the value of the deaf in the sense of difference,to conceive the“integration”into the hearing world,and to explore the possibility of coexistence with the hearing world.This article suggested that the possibility of coexistence should first be based on whether hearing people can truly abandon stereotype that deafness is equivalent to disability.Although there are different voices and even conflicts at the two levels of educational concept and practice surrounding the“Manifesto of the Deaf Community”,the production and dissemination of“Deaf Culture”concepts actually enable people to notice the Deaf people's own language——The charm and practical significance of“Japanese sign language”.Only by letting more Hearing people embrace that deafness is a social construction rather than a disability in concept and practice to form a powerful force for social reform,can we truly get access to the coexistence.

关 键 词：《聋文化宣言》 聋人 听人 日本手语 社会建构 

分 类 号：G53157[文化科学—教育学]